갉다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆰ다 (Yale: kolkta). Ablaut form: 긁다 (geukda).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠k̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [각따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gakda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | galgda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kakta |
| Yale Romanization? | kalkta |
Verb[edit]
갉다 • (gakda) (infinitive 갉아, sequential 갉으니)
- (transitive) to gnaw (at); to nibble (at)
- (transitive) to rake together
- (transitive, figurative) to extort; to squeeze; to exploit
- (transitive, figurative) to find fault (with)
Conjugation[edit]
Selected forms of the verb 갉다 (gakda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 갉는다 gangneunda |
갉아 galga |
갉아요 galgayo |
갉습니다 gakseumnida |
| Past | 갉았다 galgatda |
갉았어 galgasseo |
갉았어요 galgasseoyo |
갉았습니다 galgatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 갉느냐 gangneunya |
갉아 galga |
갉아요 galgayo |
갉습니까 gakseumnikka |
| Past | 갉았느냐 galganneunya |
갉았어 galgasseo |
갉았어요 galgasseoyo |
갉았습니까 galgatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 갉자 gakja |
갉아 galga |
갉아요 galgayo |
갉으십시다 galgeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 갉아라 galgara |
갉아 galga |
갉아요 galgayo |
갉읍시오 galgeupsio | |
| Assertive | 갉겠다 galgetda |
갉겠어 galgesseo |
갉겠어요 galgesseoyo |
갉겠습니다 galgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 갉아 galga |
갉아서 galgaseo |
갉으니 galgeuni |
갉으니까 galgeunikka | |
| Contrast | 갉지만 gakjiman |
갉는데 gangneunde |
갉더니 gakdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 갉고 galgo |
||||
| Condition | 갉으면 galgeumyeon |
갉아야 galgaya |
|||
| Motive | 갉으려고 galgeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 갉음 galgeum |
갉기 galgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 갉았음 galgasseum |
갉았기 galgatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 갉은 galgeun | |||
| Present | 갉는 gangneun | ||||
| Future | 갉을 galgeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 갉으신다 galgeusinda |
갉으셔 galgeusyeo |
갉으세요, 갉으셔요 galgeuseyo, galgeusyeoyo |
갉으십니다 galgeusimnida |
| Past | 갉으셨다 galgeusyeotda |
갉으셨어 galgeusyeosseo |
갉으셨어요 galgeusyeosseoyo |
갉으셨습니다 galgeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 갉으시느냐 galgeusineunya |
갉으셔 galgeusyeo |
갉으세요, 갉으셔요 galgeuseyo, galgeusyeoyo |
갉으십니까 galgeusimnikka |
| Past | 갉으셨느냐 galgeusyeonneunya |
갉으셨어 galgeusyeosseo |
갉으셨어요 galgeusyeosseoyo |
갉으셨습니까 galgeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 갉으시라 galgeusira |
갉으셔 galgeusyeo |
갉으세요 galgeuseyo |
갉으십시오 galgeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 갉으시겠다 galgeusigetda |
갉으시겠어 galgeusigesseo |
갉으시겠어요 galgeusigesseoyo |
갉으시겠습니다 galgeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 갉으셔 galgeusyeo |
갉으셔서 galgeusyeoseo |
갉으시니 galgeusini |
갉으시니까 galgeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 갉으시지만 galgeusijiman |
갉으시는데 galgeusineunde |
갉으시더니 galgeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 갉으시고 galgeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 갉으시면 galgeusimyeon |
갉으셔야 galgeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 갉으시려고 galgeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 갉으심 galgeusim |
갉으시기 galgeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 갉으셨음 galgeusyeosseum |
갉으셨기 galgeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 갉으신 galgeusin | |||
| Present | 갉으시는 galgeusineun | ||||
| Future | 갉으실 galgeusil | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
- (passive) 갉히다 (galkida)