거스르다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 거슬다 (Yale: kesulta)., Also attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 거슬ᄧᅳ다 (Yale: kesul.pcuta).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kʌ̹sʰɯɾɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [거스르다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geoseureuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geoseuleuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŏsŭrŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | kesuluta |
Verb[edit]
거스르다 • (geoseureuda) (infinitive 거슬러, sequential 거스르니)
- to disobey, to defy, to go against
- to go upstream
- to go back (time)
- to annoy someone
Conjugation[edit]
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 거스른다 geoseureunda |
거슬러 geoseulleo |
거슬러요 geoseulleoyo |
거스릅니다 geoseureumnida |
| Past | 거슬렀다 geoseulleotda |
거슬렀어 geoseulleosseo |
거슬렀어요 geoseulleosseoyo |
거슬렀습니다 geoseulleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 거스르느냐 geoseureuneunya |
거슬러 geoseulleo |
거슬러요 geoseulleoyo |
거스릅니까 geoseureumnikka |
| Past | 거슬렀느냐 geoseulleonneunya |
거슬렀어 geoseulleosseo |
거슬렀어요 geoseulleosseoyo |
거슬렀습니까 geoseulleotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 거스르자 geoseureuja |
거슬러 geoseulleo |
거슬러요 geoseulleoyo |
거스르십시다 geoseureusipsida | |
| Imperative | 거슬러라 geoseulleora |
거슬러 geoseulleo |
거슬러요 geoseulleoyo |
거스릅시오 geoseureupsio | |
| Assertive | 거스르겠다 geoseureugetda |
거스르겠어 geoseureugesseo |
거스르겠어요 geoseureugesseoyo |
거스르겠습니다 geoseureugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 거슬러 geoseulleo |
거슬러서 geoseulleoseo |
거스르니 geoseureuni |
거스르니까 geoseureunikka | |
| Contrast | 거스르지만 geoseureujiman |
거스르는데 geoseureuneunde |
거스르더니 geoseureudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 거스르고 geoseureugo |
||||
| Condition | 거스르면 geoseureumyeon |
거슬러야 geoseulleoya |
|||
| Motive | 거스르려고 geoseureuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 거스름 geoseureum |
거스르기 geoseureugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 거슬렀음 geoseulleosseum |
거슬렀기 geoseulleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 거스른 geoseureun | |||
| Present | 거스르는 geoseureuneun | ||||
| Future | 거스를 geoseureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 거스르신다 geoseureusinda |
거스르셔 geoseureusyeo |
거스르세요, 거스르셔요 geoseureuseyo, geoseureusyeoyo |
거스르십니다 geoseureusimnida |
| Past | 거스르셨다 geoseureusyeotda |
거스르셨어 geoseureusyeosseo |
거스르셨어요 geoseureusyeosseoyo |
거스르셨습니다 geoseureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 거스르시느냐 geoseureusineunya |
거스르셔 geoseureusyeo |
거스르세요, 거스르셔요 geoseureuseyo, geoseureusyeoyo |
거스르십니까 geoseureusimnikka |
| Past | 거스르셨느냐 geoseureusyeonneunya |
거스르셨어 geoseureusyeosseo |
거스르셨어요 geoseureusyeosseoyo |
거스르셨습니까 geoseureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 거스르시라 geoseureusira |
거스르셔 geoseureusyeo |
거스르세요 geoseureuseyo |
거스르십시오 geoseureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 거스르시겠다 geoseureusigetda |
거스르시겠어 geoseureusigesseo |
거스르시겠어요 geoseureusigesseoyo |
거스르시겠습니다 geoseureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 거스르셔 geoseureusyeo |
거스르셔서 geoseureusyeoseo |
거스르시니 geoseureusini |
거스르시니까 geoseureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 거스르시지만 geoseureusijiman |
거스르시는데 geoseureusineunde |
거스르시더니 geoseureusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 거스르시고 geoseureusigo |
||||
| Condition | 거스르시면 geoseureusimyeon |
거스르셔야 geoseureusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 거스르시려고 geoseureusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 거스르심 geoseureusim |
거스르시기 geoseureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 거스르셨음 geoseureusyeosseum |
거스르셨기 geoseureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 거스르신 geoseureusin | |||
| Present | 거스르시는 geoseureusineun | ||||
| Future | 거스르실 geoseureusil | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
- 거스러지다 (geoseureojida, “(hair or fur) growing unmanageably, to have rough temper ”)
- 거슬리다 (geoseullida, “to be irritating; to get on one's nerves”)
References[edit]
- National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 May 27 (last accessed)) “거스르다 [geoseureuda]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon][1]