걸우다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in the Yeogeo yuhae (譯語類解 / 역어유해), 1690, as Early Modern Korean 걸오다 (Yale: kelwo-ta).
걸 (geol-, “to be fertile”) + 우 (-u-, causative suffix) + 다 (-da, suffix conventionally given for citation forms).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kʌ̹ɾuda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [거루다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | georuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geol'uda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŏruda |
| Yale Romanization? | kel.wuta |
Verb[edit]
| Base | 걸다 (geolda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 걸우다 (georuda) |
걸우다 • (georuda) (infinitive 걸워, sequential 걸우니)
- (transitive) to fertilize, to manure
Conjugation[edit]
Selected forms of the verb 걸우다 (georuda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 걸운다 georunda |
걸워 georwo |
걸워요 georwoyo |
걸웁니다 georumnida |
| Past | 걸웠다 georwotda |
걸웠어 georwosseo |
걸웠어요 georwosseoyo |
걸웠습니다 georwotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 걸우느냐 georuneunya |
걸워 georwo |
걸워요 georwoyo |
걸웁니까 georumnikka |
| Past | 걸웠느냐 georwonneunya |
걸웠어 georwosseo |
걸웠어요 georwosseoyo |
걸웠습니까 georwotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 걸우자 georuja |
걸워 georwo |
걸워요 georwoyo |
걸우십시다 georusipsida | |
| Imperative | 걸워라 georwora |
걸워 georwo |
걸워요 georwoyo |
걸웁시오 georupsio | |
| Assertive | 걸우겠다 georugetda |
걸우겠어 georugesseo |
걸우겠어요 georugesseoyo |
걸우겠습니다 georugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 걸워 georwo |
걸워서 georwoseo |
걸우니 georuni |
걸우니까 georunikka | |
| Contrast | 걸우지만 georujiman |
걸우는데 georuneunde |
걸우더니 georudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 걸우고 georugo |
||||
| Condition | 걸우면 georumyeon |
걸워야 georwoya |
|||
| Motive | 걸우려고 georuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 걸움 georum |
걸우기 georugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 걸웠음 georwosseum |
걸웠기 georwotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 걸운 georun | |||
| Present | 걸우는 georuneun | ||||
| Future | 걸울 georul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 걸우신다 georusinda |
걸우셔 georusyeo |
걸우세요, 걸우셔요 georuseyo, georusyeoyo |
걸우십니다 georusimnida |
| Past | 걸우셨다 georusyeotda |
걸우셨어 georusyeosseo |
걸우셨어요 georusyeosseoyo |
걸우셨습니다 georusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 걸우시느냐 georusineunya |
걸우셔 georusyeo |
걸우세요, 걸우셔요 georuseyo, georusyeoyo |
걸우십니까 georusimnikka |
| Past | 걸우셨느냐 georusyeonneunya |
걸우셨어 georusyeosseo |
걸우셨어요 georusyeosseoyo |
걸우셨습니까 georusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 걸우시라 georusira |
걸우셔 georusyeo |
걸우세요 georuseyo |
걸우십시오 georusipsio | |
| Assertive | 걸우시겠다 georusigetda |
걸우시겠어 georusigesseo |
걸우시겠어요 georusigesseoyo |
걸우시겠습니다 georusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 걸우셔 georusyeo |
걸우셔서 georusyeoseo |
걸우시니 georusini |
걸우시니까 georusinikka | |
| Contrast | 걸우시지만 georusijiman |
걸우시는데 georusineunde |
걸우시더니 georusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 걸우시고 georusigo |
||||
| Condition | 걸우시면 georusimyeon |
걸우셔야 georusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 걸우시려고 georusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 걸우심 georusim |
걸우시기 georusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 걸우셨음 georusyeosseum |
걸우셨기 georusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 걸우신 georusin | |||
| Present | 걸우시는 georusineun | ||||
| Future | 걸우실 georusil | ||||