어질다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 어〮딜다〮 (Yale: étìltá). Compare 모〯딜다〮 (Yale: mwǒtìltá), modern 모질다 (mojilda).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ʌ̹d͡ʑiɭda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [어질다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	eojilda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	eojilda
McCune–Reischauer?	ŏjilda
Yale Romanization?	ecilta

Adjective

어질다 • (eojilda) (infinitive 어질어, sequential 어지니)

1. (Confucianism) to be benevolent

   Antonym: 모질다 (mojilda)

Usage notes

• The word is nowadays mainly used in a Confucian context, as the Korean equivalent to Chinese 仁 (rén).

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 어질다 (eojilda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	어질다 eojilda	어질어 eojireo	어질어요 eojireoyo	어집니다 eojimnida
	Past	어질었다 eojireotda	어질었어 eojireosseo	어질었어요 eojireosseoyo	어질었습니다 eojireotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	어지냐 eojinya	어질어 eojireo	어질어요 eojireoyo	어집니까 eojimnikka
	Past	어질었냐 eojireonnya	어질었어 eojireosseo	어질었어요 eojireosseoyo	어질었습니까 eojireotseumnikka
Assertive		어질겠다 eojilgetda	어질겠어 eojilgesseo	어질겠어요 eojilgesseoyo	어질겠습니다 eojilgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		어질어 eojireo	어질어서 eojireoseo	어지니 eojini	어지니까 eojinikka
Contrast		어질지만 eojiljiman	어진데 eojinde	어질더니 eojildeoni
Conjunction		어질고 eojilgo
Condition		어질면 eojilmyeon	어질어야 eojireoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		어짊 eojim	어질기 eojilgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		어질었음 eojireosseum	어질었기 eojireotgi
Determiners	Present		어진 eojin
	Future		어질 eojil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	어지시다 eojisida	어지셔 eojisyeo	어지세요, 어지셔요 eojiseyo, eojisyeoyo	어지십니다 eojisimnida
	Past	어지셨다 eojisyeotda	어지셨어 eojisyeosseo	어지셨어요 eojisyeosseoyo	어지셨습니다 eojisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	어지시냐 eojisinya	어지셔 eojisyeo	어지세요, 어지셔요 eojiseyo, eojisyeoyo	어지십니까 eojisimnikka
	Past	어지셨냐 eojisyeonnya	어지셨어 eojisyeosseo	어지셨어요 eojisyeosseoyo	어지셨습니까 eojisyeotseumnikka
Assertive		어지시겠다 eojisigetda	어지시겠어 eojisigesseo	어지시겠어요 eojisigesseoyo	어지시겠습니다 eojisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		어지셔 eojisyeo	어지셔서 eojisyeoseo	어지시니 eojisini	어지시니까 eojisinikka
Contrast		어지시지만 eojisijiman	어지신데 eojisinde	어지시더니 eojisideoni
Conjunction		어지시고 eojisigo
Condition		어지시면 eojisimyeon	어지셔야 eojisyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		어지심 eojisim	어지시기 eojisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		어지셨음 eojisyeosseum	어지셨기 eojisyeotgi
Determiners	Present		어지신 eojisin
	Future		어지실 eojisil