𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖

Umbrian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Italic *fakiō. Cognate with Latin faciō (“to do”). The perfect stem *fēk- is also applied to

• 𐌚𐌄𐌉𐌀 (feia) < *fēkiad, in alteration with 𐌚𐌀𐌜𐌉𐌀 (façia) < *fakiad, which is parallel to Latin faciā;
• the third person future imperative with an /-eː-/ reflecting *fēketōd, unlike Latin facitō and Oscan factud, which reflect *faketōd;
• same thing applies to the past participle 𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌀 (feta), reflecting *fēktad unlike Latin factā.

Verb

𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖 • (fetu) (early Iguvine) (third-person singular imperative future)

1. (transitive) to sacrifice
   • early 2^nd century BCE, Iguvine Tablets, table I, side A (photo; facsimile), lines 2–3, 9, 11–12, 13, 13, 14–15, 16, 17, 20–21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 26, 27–28, 28:

     ² [...] 𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌐𐌋𐌀𐌍𐌄𐌔⁚​ ³ 𐌉𐌖𐌅𐌄⁚​𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌅𐌉⁚​𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌁𐌖𐌚⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     preveres treplanes / iuve krapuvi tre buf fetu

     In front of the Trebulan gate sacrifice three oxen to Jupiter Grabovius.

     ⁹ [...] 𐌐𐌖𐌍𐌉𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​

     puni fetu

     Sacrifice with mead.

     ¹¹ 𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌕𐌄𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌁𐌖𐌚⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​𐌌𐌀𐌓𐌕𐌄⁚​𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌐𐌖/𐌅𐌉 ¹² 𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     preveres tesenakes tre buf fetu marte krapu/vi / fetu

     In front of the Tesenacan gate sacrifice three oxen, sacrifice to Mars Grabovius.

     ¹³ 𐌅𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌚𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌄⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     vatuva ferine fetu

     Sacrifice the ribs on a tray.

     ¹³ [...] 𐌐𐌖𐌍𐌉𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     puni fetu

     Sacrifice with mead.

     ¹⁴ 𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌕𐌄𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌚⁚​𐌔𐌉𐌚⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌖𐌚⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ ¹⁵ 𐌚𐌉𐌔𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌜𐌉⁚​ [...]

     pusveres tesenakes tref sif feliuf fetu / fise saçi

     Behind the Tesenacan gate sacrifice three suckling pigs to Fisus Sancius.

     ¹⁶ 𐌐𐌖𐌍𐌉⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     puni fetu

     Sacrifice with mead.

     ¹⁷ [...] 𐌚𐌉𐌉𐌖𐌅𐌉⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​𐌖𐌊𐌓𐌉𐌐𐌄𐌓⁚​𐌚𐌉𐌔𐌉𐌖⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​

     fiiuvi fetu ukriper fisiu fetu

     Sacrifice to Fisovius, sacrifice for the Fisian Mount.

     ²⁰ 𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌅𐌄𐌇𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌚⁚​𐌁𐌖𐌚⁚​𐌊𐌀𐌋𐌄𐌛𐌖𐌚⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​𐌅𐌖𐌚𐌉𐌖𐌍𐌄 ²¹ 𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌅𐌉⁚​ [...]

     preveres vehiies tref buf kaleřuf fetu vufiune / krapuvi

     In front of the Vehian gate sacrifice three oxen with white foreheads to Vofionus Grabovius.

     ²² 𐌅𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌀⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌄⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     vatuva ferine fetu

     Sacrifice the ribs on a tray.

     ²⁴ 𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌅𐌄𐌇𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌚⁚​𐌇𐌀𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌚⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌓𐌄⁚​𐌉𐌖𐌅𐌉𐌄⁚​

     pusveres vehiies tref hapinaf fetu tefre iuvie

     Behind the Vehian gate sacrifice three ewe lambs to Tefer Jovius.

     ²⁵ 𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄⁚​𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌀𐌍𐌄⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     puste asiane fetu

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

     ²⁵ [...] 𐌆𐌄𐌛𐌄𐌚⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​

     zeřef fetu

     Sacrifice seated.

     ²⁶ 𐌐𐌄𐌋𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌀⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     pelsana fetu

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

     ²⁷ [...] 𐌀𐌐𐌉⁚​𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌍𐌀⁚​𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌉𐌉𐌖𐌔⁚​𐌔𐌖𐌛𐌖𐌌⁚​𐌐𐌄𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌕𐌓𐌖 ²⁸ 𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     api habina purtiius suřum pesuntru / fetu

     After having offered the ewe lambs, sacrifice pig-[???].

     ²⁸ [...] 𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌓𐌉⁚​𐌉𐌖𐌅𐌉⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ [...]

     tefri iuvi fetu

     Sacrifice to Tefer Jovius.

Attested forms

• (third-person singular future perfect) e.Ig. 𐌚𐌀𐌊𐌖𐌔𐌕 (fakust)
• (third-person plural future perfect) e.Ig. 𐌚𐌀𐌊𐌖𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕 (fakurent); l.Ig. facurent
• (third-person singular subjunctive) e.Ig. 𐌚𐌀𐌜𐌉𐌀 (façia), 𐌚𐌄𐌉𐌀 (feia); Vel. façia
• (third-person singular imperative) e.Ig. 𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖 (fetu), 𐌚𐌄𐌉𐌕𐌖 (feitu); l.Ig. fetu, feitu, feetu
• (infinitive) e.Ig. 𐌚𐌀𐌜𐌉𐌖 (façiu), 𐌚𐌀𐌜𐌖 (façu)
• (past participle feminine singular ablative) e.Ig. 𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌀 (feta)

References

• Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary, page 168
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “faciō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
• Ancillotti, Augusto, Cerri, Romolo (2015) “facurent”, in Vocabolario dell'umbro delle tavole di Gubbio [Vocabulary of Umbrian and of the Iguvine Tables] (in Italian), page 19