𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃 (daufs, “hardened”) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈdɔːbjan/, [ɡaˈdɔːβjan]

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gadaubjan)

1. to harden, make callous
   • John 12:40:

     𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰, 𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 𐌹𐌽𐍃.

     gablindida izē augōna jah gadaubida izē hairtōna, ei ni gaumidēdeina augam jah frōþeina hairtin jah gawandidēdeina jah ganasidēdjau ins.

     He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 gadaubjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰 gadaubja	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰 gadaubida	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gadaubjada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃 gadaubeis	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gadaubidēs	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gadaubjaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 gadaubeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰 gadaubida	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gadaubjada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐍉𐍃 gadaubjōs	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gadaubidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gadaubjats	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gadaubidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌼 gadaubjam	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gadaubidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gadaubjanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 gadaubeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gadaubidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gadaubjanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gadaubjand	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gadaubidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gadaubjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌿 gadaubjau	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gadaubidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadaubjaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gadaubjais	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gadaubidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gadaubjaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹 gadaubjai	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gadaubidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadaubjaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gadaubjaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gadaubidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gadaubjaits	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gadaubidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gadaubjaima	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gadaubidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadaubjaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gadaubjaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gadaubidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadaubjaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gadaubjaina	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gadaubidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadaubjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹 gadaubei
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadaubjadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gadaubjats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 gadaubeiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadaubjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gadaubjands	𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸𐍃 gadaubiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 24