𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Alternative forms

• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gastōþanan) — misspelling

Etymology

From *𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐍃 (*gastōþs, “steady”) (of which the negative 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐍃 (ungastōþs, “homeless”) is attested), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”), + -𐌰𐌽 (-ān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈstoːθaːn/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽 • (gastōþān)

1. to make upright, cause to stand
   • Romans 14:4:

     𐌸𐌿 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐍃, 𐌸𐌿𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌾𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺? 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌸; 𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸; 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐌺 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸[𐌰𐌽]𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌽𐌰.

     þu ƕas is, þuei stōjis framaþjana skalk? seinamma fraujin standiþ aiþþau driusiþ; aþþan standiþ; mahteigs auk ist frauja gastōþ[an]an ina.

     Who art thou that judgest another man's servant? to his own master he standeth or falleth. Yea, he shall be holden up: for God is able to make him stand. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽 gastōþān
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰 gastōþa	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 gastōþaida	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰 gastōþāda
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍃 gastōþais	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gastōþaidēs	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌶𐌰 gastōþāza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸 gastōþaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 gastōþaida	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰 gastōþāda
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐍉𐍃 gastōþōs	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gastōþaidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃 gastōþāts	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gastōþaidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌼 gastōþām	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gastōþaidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gastōþānda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸 gastōþaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gastōþaidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gastōþānda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳 gastōþānd	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gastōþaidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gastōþānda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌿 gastōþau	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gastōþaidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gastōþaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍃 gastōþais	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gastōþaidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gastōþaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹 gastōþai	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gastōþaidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gastōþaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gastōþaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gastōþaidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gastōþaits	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gastōþaidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gastōþaima	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gastōþaidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gastōþaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸 gastōþaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gastōþaidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gastōþaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gastōþaina	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gastōþaidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gastōþaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹 gastōþai
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gastōþādau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃 gastōþāts
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸 gastōþaiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gastōþāndau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gastōþānds	𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 gastōþaiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 131