𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍃 (ubilwaurds, “evil-speaking, maligning”) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan, “verbal suffix”). According to Köbler, a calque of Ancient Greek κακολογεῖν (kakologeîn).

Verb

𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (ubilwaurdjan)

1. to speak evil, malign

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 ubilwaurdjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 ubilwaurdja	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 ubilwaurdida	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 ubilwaurdjada
2nd singular	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌹𐍃 ubilwaurdjis	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 ubilwaurdidēs	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 ubilwaurdjaza
3rd singular	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌸 ubilwaurdjiþ	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 ubilwaurdida	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 ubilwaurdjada
1st dual	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 ubilwaurdjōs	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 ubilwaurdidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 ubilwaurdjats	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 ubilwaurdidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 ubilwaurdjam	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 ubilwaurdidēdum	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ubilwaurdjanda
2nd plural	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌸 ubilwaurdjiþ	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 ubilwaurdidēduþ	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ubilwaurdjanda
3rd plural	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 ubilwaurdjand	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 ubilwaurdidēdun	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ubilwaurdjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjau	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdidēdjau	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjaidau
2nd singular	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 ubilwaurdjais	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 ubilwaurdidēdeis	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjaizau
3rd singular	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 ubilwaurdjai	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 ubilwaurdidēdi	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjaidau
1st dual	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 ubilwaurdjaiwa	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 ubilwaurdidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 ubilwaurdjaits	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 ubilwaurdidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 ubilwaurdjaima	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 ubilwaurdidēdeima	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjaindau
2nd plural	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 ubilwaurdjaiþ	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 ubilwaurdidēdeiþ	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjaindau
3rd plural	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 ubilwaurdjaina	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 ubilwaurdidēdeina	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌴𐌹 ubilwaurdei
3rd singular	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjadau
2nd dual	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 ubilwaurdjats
2nd plural	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌸 ubilwaurdjiþ
3rd plural	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ubilwaurdjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 ubilwaurdjands	𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 ubilwaurdiþs

Related terms

• 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍃 (ubilwaurds)