𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From *𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*swōgan, from Proto-Germanic *swōganą) +‎ -𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-atjan).

Verb

𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (swōgatjan)

1. to sigh
2. to groan

Conjugation

The past participle would be expected to follow the form of the other past tense forms, yielding *𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*swōgasts), but the single attestation of a past participle in the Gothic verbs suffixed with -atjan, 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 (kaupatidai), contradicts this. It is not certain whether this form is due to scribal error, later morphological levelling or due to some other irregularity in the verbs suffixed with -atjan.

Class 1 weak irregular
Infinitive	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 swōgatjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰 swōgatja	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰 swōgasta	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 swōgatjada
2nd singular	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐍃 swōgatjis	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍃 swōgastēs	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 swōgatjaza
3rd singular	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐌸 swōgatjiþ	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰 swōgasta	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 swōgatjada
1st dual	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐍉𐍃 swōgatjōs	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿 swōgastēdu	—
2nd dual	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 swōgatjats	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 swōgastēduts	—
1st plural	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌼 swōgatjam	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 swōgastēdum	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 swōgatjanda
2nd plural	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐌸 swōgatjiþ	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 swōgastēduþ	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 swōgatjanda
3rd plural	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 swōgatjand	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 swōgastēdun	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 swōgatjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 swōgatjau	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 swōgastēdjau	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 swōgatjaidau
2nd singular	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 swōgatjais	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 swōgastēdeis	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 swōgatjaizau
3rd singular	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹 swōgatjai	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌹 swōgastēdi	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 swōgatjaidau
1st dual	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 swōgatjaiwa	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 swōgastēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 swōgatjaits	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 swōgastēdeits	—
1st plural	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 swōgatjaima	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 swōgastēdeima	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 swōgatjaindau
2nd plural	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 swōgatjaiþ	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 swōgastēdeiþ	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 swōgatjaindau
3rd plural	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 swōgatjaina	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 swōgastēdeina	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 swōgatjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 swōgatei
3rd singular	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 swōgatjadau
2nd dual	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 swōgatjats
2nd plural	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐌸 swōgatjiþ
3rd plural	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 swōgatjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 swōgatjands	𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌸𐍃 swōgatiþs

Related terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaswōgjan)
• 𐌿𐍆𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufswōgjan)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 136