-으키여
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Jeju[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From 읔 (-euk-, “general speculative future suffix”) + 이여 (-iyeo, “uncertain suffix, perhaps a conjugation of the copula 이다 (-ida)”).
Pronunciation[edit]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | -eukiyeo |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | eukiyeo |
| Yale Romanization? | ukhiye |
Suffix[edit]
으키여 (-eukiyeo)
- An assertive or speculative suffix for sentence-final verbs in the "plain style" ᄒᆞ라체 (hawrache) formal non-polite speech level. See 읔 (euk) for more.
- 2012 August 23, 문순덕 [munsundeok, Moon Soon-deok], 오승훈 [oseunghun, Oh Seung-hun], “VI. 전통문화 [VI. jeontongmunhwa, Traditional Culture]”, in 원종섭 [wonjongseop, Won Jong-sup], transl., edited by (주)컴퍼스미디어 [(ju)keompeoseumidieo, Compass Media Ltd.], 제주어와 영어로 ᄀᆞᆮ는 제주 이야기: A Guide to Jeju Spoken in the Language of Jeju and English[3], 제주발전연구원 [jejubaljeonyeon'guwon]: 양영오 [yang'yeong'o, Yang Young-oh], →ISBN, archived from the original on 27 January 2023, 가문잔치: “아시날에 와시민 좋으키여” [gamunjanchi: “asinare wasimin joeukiyeo”], page 183:
- 미진: 특별ᄒᆞᆫ 일이 엇이민 아시날에 와시민 좋으키여. [……] 기여. 오랜만의 친척 어룬덜도 보곡 느도 꼭 참석ᄒᆞ여시민 좋으키여.
- Mijin: Teukbyeolhawn ir-i eosimin asinar-e wasimin jo-eukiyeo. [……] Giyeo. Oraenman-ui chincheok eorun-deol-do bogok neu-do kkok chamseokhawyeosimin jo-eukiyeo.
- Mijin: I would like you to come a day earlier, if you can. […] That’s right. I’d like you to come and say hello to our relatives and elders at the gamunjanchi.
Usage notes[edit]
Although this ending looks to be analogous to the Korean 겠어 (-gess-eo) or 이야 (-i-ya) 해체 (haeche, “informal, non-polite speech level”) endings in terms of speech levels, in Jeju grammar, it makes a part of the "plain style" ᄒᆞ라체 (hawrache) formal non-polite speech level. This is due to the fact that the ending 마씀 (-masseum) cannot be added to it, being analogous to the Korean 요 (-yo) ending which can only be added to 하게체 (hageche) or 해체 (haeche) endings. The equivalent Jeju ᄒᆞ여체 (hawyeoche, “informal, non-polite speech level”) ending is 으크라 (-eukeura) (also spelled as 으클아 (-eukeura) by O'Grady et al.).[1][2]
Alternative forms[edit]
- 키여 (-kiyeo) — after a vowel or ㄹ (l)
- 이키여 (-ikiyeo) — after stems that end in ㅅ (s), ㅈ (j), or ㅊ (ch)
- 우키여 (-ukiyeo) — after stems that end in the labial consonants ㅁ (m), ㅂ (b), or ㅍ (p)
Derived terms[edit]
- 으켜 (-eukyeo)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ 고맹훈 [gomaenghun] (2018 February) 제주 방언의 상대높임법에 대한 고찰 상대 높임법 형태와 등급체계를 중심으로 [jeju bang'eonui sangdaenopimbeobe daehan gochal - sangdae nopimbeop hyeongtaewa deunggeupchegyereul jungsimeuro, Study on the honorifics in Jeju Dialect : Focusing on the form and rank of the honorifics][1] (in Korean), pages 79-80:
- (70)ㄱ의 ‘ᄒᆞ크라’를 앞서 살폈던 (58)ㄱ의 ᄒᆞ키여와 외형적 형태를 비교해 보면, (70)ㄱ의 ‘ᄒᆞ크라’가 ᄒᆞ라체로 (58)ㄱ의 ᄒᆞ키여가 ᄒᆞ여체로 쓰일 것 같지만 그렇지 않다. ‘ᄒᆞ여체’는 높임 보조사 ‘마씀’을 ‘ᄒᆞ여체’ 뒤에 결합시키면 ‘ᄒᆞ여마씀’과 같이 자연스럽게 연결되지만 ‘ᄒᆞ라체’는 ‘마씀’을 ‘ᄒᆞ라체’ 뒤에 결합하면 ‘*ᄒᆞ라마씀’이 되어 비문법적인 표현이 된다. 이와 같이 (70)ㄱ의 ‘ᄒᆞ크라’에 ‘마씀’을 결합하면 ‘ᄒᆞ크라마씀’으로 자연스럽게 발화되지만 (58)ㄱ의 ‘ᄒᆞ키여’에 ‘마씀’을 결합하면 ‘*ᄒᆞ키여마씀’으로 비문법적 표현이 되므로 (70)ㄱ의 ‘ᄒᆞ크라’는 ᄒᆞ여체로 (58)ㄱ의 ‘ᄒᆞ키여’는 ᄒᆞ라체로 분류하는 것이다.
- (70)gui ‘hᆞkeura’reul apseo salpyeotdeon (58)gui hᆞkiyeowa oehyeongjeok hyeongtaereul bigyohae bomyeon, (70)gui ‘hᆞkeura’ga hᆞrachero (58)gui hᆞkiyeoga hᆞyeochero sseu'il geot gatjiman geureochi anta. ‘Hᆞyeoche’neun nopim bojosa ‘masseum’eul ‘hᆞyeoche’ dwie gyeolhapsikimyeon ‘hᆞyeomasseum’gwa gachi jayeonseureopge yeon'gyeoldoejiman ‘hᆞrache’neun ‘masseum’eul ‘hᆞrache’ dwie gyeolhaphamyeon ‘*hᆞramasseum’i doeeo bimunbeopjeogin pyohyeoni doenda. Iwa gachi (70)gui ‘hᆞkeura’e ‘masseum’eul gyeolhaphamyeon ‘hᆞkeuramasseum’euro jayeonseureopge balhwadoejiman (58)gui ‘hᆞkiyeo’e ‘masseum’eul gyeolhaphamyeon ‘*hᆞkiyeomasseum’euro bimunbeopjeok pyohyeoni doemeuro (70)gui ‘hᆞkeura’neun hᆞyeochero (58)gui ‘hᆞkiyeo’neun hᆞrachero bullyuhaneun geosida.
- ^ Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady (2020) “Chapter 7: Sentence Enders”, in Jejueo: the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, , →ISBN, →JSTOR, A Segmentation Controversy (-ya or -nya), pages 200-201