Citations:duplifix

English citations of duplifixes and duplifix

• 2010 September 24th, Martin Haspelmath, Andrea Dorothy Sims, Understanding Morphology (Understanding Language), second edition (paperback), Abingdon/New York: Routledge, published 2013, →ISBN, chapter 3: “Rules”, section 1: «Morphological patterns», subsection 3: ‘Reduplication’, page 39:

  The element that is attached to the base often consists of both copied segments and fixed segments, so that a kind of mixture between affix and reduplicant results. Such elements may be called duplifixes.

• 2012 December, Edith Andrea Moravcsik, Introducing Language Typology (Cambridge Introductions to Language and Linguistics) (paperback), Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, chapter 4: “Dissembling words: Morphological typology”, section 2: «The choice of morphemes and morpheme forms», subsection 2: ‘Which forms of morphemes?’, bissubsection 1: ‹Reduplication›, tersubsection (A): Crosslinguistically recurrent form properties of reduplication, page 128:

  First, here are examples to show variation in the phonological make-up of duplifixes. C, CV, CVC, and CVCV are all possible duplifix skeleta.

• 〃:

  Here is a generalization highlighting common patterns:
  GEN-9: Frequent forms of duplifixes are a C, a syllable, or two syllables.

• 〃:

  In most cases, the duplifix is adjacent to the part of the base that is duplicated.
  GEN-10: Duplifixes are in most cases strictly ordered relative to the base. They may be prefixed, suffixed, or infixed; but in each case, they are adjacent to the portion of the base that they duplicate.

• tersubsection (B): Crosslinguistically recurrent semantic properties of reduplication, page 129:

  As noted above, in Western languages, reduplication generally involves emphasis or increased quality, as in very very and old old. […] But duplifixes can have other meanings as well. The semantic contributions that they make to the base fit into two board types: plurality of entities, continuation of action, or intensification of properties on the one hand, and diminution of entities or attenuation of properties on the other.

• 2014 July 28th, Veronika Mattes, Types of Reduplication: A Case Study of Bikol (Studia Typologica; 16) (PDF), Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, published 19th August 2014, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, chapter 3: “Reduplication”, section 4: «Classification of reduplication types», subsection 1: ‘Formal types’, page 36:

  A reduplicant with fixed segments is called a “duplifix” by Haspelmath (2002: 24) and described as a mixture between an affix and a reduplicant. In Bikol there are two reduplications with fixed segments, infixed {Vr} for pluralization and Curu- for pluralization, attenuation etc. I will opt for a continuum ranging from pure reduplication to pure affixation and order such “duplifixes” in between.

• 2017 May 18th, Gilles Polian, “Morphology” (chapter 8), in Judith Lillian Aissen, Nora Clearman England, Roberto Zavala Maldonado, editors, The Mayan Languages (Routledge Language Family Series) (hardback), Abingdon/New York: Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, section 2: «Morphological patterns», subsection 3: ‘Non-concatenative morphology’, bissubsection 2: ‹Reduplication›, page 206 (endnote 5 from page 222):

  Duplifixes are particularly common, that is, combinations of fixed and reduplicative segments (Haspelmath 2002:24), where the fixed segments do not correspond to independently existing affixes. For example some Ixil duplifixes are the following (Ayres 1991:25–6): -V₁x ‘passive’⁵ (bʼan ‘do’ > bʼan-ax ‘be done’, chiˀ ‘bite’ > chiˀ-ix ‘be bitten’, etc.), -C₁o ‘diffusive’ (saq ‘white’ > saq-so ‘whitish’, qʼes ‘old’ > qʼes-qʼo ‘oldish’, etc.) and -V₁ˀC₂an ‘transitive iterative’ (qʼos ‘hit’ > qʼos-oˀsan ‘hit several times’, txeqʼ ‘hammer’ > txeqʼ-eˀqʼan ‘hammer several times’, etc.).
  5 Note that reduplication of the root vowel in a duplifix can also be viewed as vowel harmony, see §2.3.

• 〃, section 3: «Root and word classes», subsection 5: ‘Affects/expressives’, page 218:

  Inflected expressives may function as main predicates. They are typically words derived from expressive roots or from roots of other categories (mainly positional or transitive) with a dedicated expressive morphology which often includes reduplication (especially duplifixes). In some languages, they are a kind of verb and differ from other verbs only through their expressive semantic and their dedicated derivational morphology. This is the case of Kʼicheeʼ (Baronti 2001), as in (18), where the expressive verb pun-upup is derived from the root pun trough^[sic] the expressive duplifix -V₁C₁V₁C₁. Note that its inflection is that of a normal intransitive verb (perfective prefix x-).