Reconstruction:Latin/ad poenam
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Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From ad (literally “to”) + poenam ("pain, suffering" → "difficulty"). Possibly influenced or inspired by Latin paene (“almost, barely”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
*ad poenam (Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)
Reconstruction notes[edit]
The addition of an adverbial /-s/ can be observed in Iberia and environs. Some descendants have taken on temporal senses, possibly via a semantic pathway such as "barely" → "only just".