Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joka
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finno-Permic *jo + *-ka, although the bare root surfaces in derived forms and potentially certain inflected forms of the pronoun. Cognate with Northern Sami juohke, Erzya ю- (ju-) in юза-тоза (juza-toza, “back and forth”), Eastern Mari южо (južo, “some”) and Western Mari юж (juž, “some”). Not related to *jo (“already”).
Determiner[edit]
*joka[1]
Inflection[edit]
Not inflected.
Derived terms[edit]
- *jokahinën (“everyone, everybody; every, each”)
- *jos (“if”)
- *jotta (“that, so that”)
Descendants[edit]
The status of the following descendants is uncertain; they may instead perhaps derive from a form like *ekä (or some even from *ikä, which may have influenced some of the other forms).
- >? Estonian: iga, ega
- >? Ingrian: ikä
- → Votic: ikä
- >? Livonian: jegā, jõgā
- >? Võro: igä, ôga
- Votic:
- >? Kukkuzi: ikä
Pronoun[edit]
*joka
Reconstruction notes[edit]
The status of *joka as a relative pronoun already in Proto-Finnic is unclear, since it is only found in Finnish (although also more distantly in Pite Sami juhko). However, it exhibits a similar inflection pattern to *ku(ka) and *mi(kä); if it were not old, it would have to be interpreted as stemming from a reanalysis of an originally entirely indeclinable Proto-Finnic word *joka by analogy with the two aforementioned examples (which can also act as relative pronouns as well). Semantically speaking, an indeclinable determiner meaning "every, each" could have plausibly developed into a relative pronoun.
Inflection[edit]
the bare stem *jo- is used for inflection, with the suffix *-ka used in forms that would otherwise be monosyllabic (nominative singular, nominative plural, genitive singular).
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.