Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gagin

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ.ɣin/

Preposition

*gagin

1. (+ dative) towards, in the direction of
2. (+ accusative) against

Derived terms

• *gaginjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gagin
  • Old English: ġeġn, gæġn, ġēan
    • Middle English: gain, ȝæn
      • English: gain (obsolete)
      • Scots: gain, gin
  • Old Frisian: jēn, jōn
    • North Frisian: jen, jien
    • Saterland Frisian: juun
    • West Frisian: jin
      • ⇒ West Frisian: tsjin
  • Old Saxon: gegin, gigin, gagan
    • Middle Low German: gēgen, jēgen
      • Low German: giegen (Münsterländisch); gegen
        • ⇒ Low German: tiegen (Münsterländisch); tegen (from to giegen, to gegen)
  • Old Dutch: gegin
    • Middle Dutch: jegen, jeghen
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: tegen, tjegen (from te jegen)
        • Dutch: tegen
          • Afrikaans: teen
          • Negerhollands: tegen, teegen
          • Skepi Creole Dutch: tagen
          • → Caribbean Javanese: tékhe
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: jeghens
        • Dutch: jegens
  • Old High German: gagan
    • Middle High German: gegen, gagen, jegen; gein, gēn
      • Alemannic German: gege
      • Cimbrian: ghéghen
      • German: gegen
      • Hunsrik: geghe
      • Yiddish: קעגן (kegn)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: gein, gēn (contraction)
        • German: gen (literary, dated)
        • Yiddish: קיין (keyn)
        • ⇒ Luxembourgish: géint (with paragogic -t)
• Old Norse: gegn
  • Icelandic: gegn
  • Faroese: gjøgn
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gjen-
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: gjegn, gjen-
  • Old Swedish: gēn
    • Swedish: gen-
  • Danish: gen-
  • → Middle English: gayn, geyn, gein, gain, gayne, gaine
    • English: gain (obsolete, dialectal)
    • Scots: gain
  • ⇒ Old Norse: gegnum (dative) (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ Old Norse: í gegn
    • Faroese: ígjøgn
    • Norwegian: igjen
    • Jamtish: igjann
    • Old Swedish: ī gēn
      • Swedish: igen
    • Danish: igen