Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tūną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from (Pre-)Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold, rampart”) before Grimm's law changed *d to *t.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtuː.nɑ̃/

Noun

*tūną n

1. fence
2. enclosure

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *tūną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tūną	*tūnō
vocative	*tūną	*tūnō
accusative	*tūną	*tūnō
genitive	*tūnas, *tūnis	*tūnǫ̂
dative	*tūnai	*tūnamaz
instrumental	*tūnō	*tūnamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *tūn m (“fence”)
  • Old English: tūn (“enclosed land, town”)
    • Middle English: toun, town, towne, tun, tune
      • English: town, tahn, tawn; toon; toune, towne
        • → Chichewa: tawuni
        • → Jersey Dutch: tāun
        • → Pennsylvania German: Taun
        • → Japanese: タウン (taun)
      • Geordie English: toon
      • Scots: toun, tone, toon, town
      • Yola: teoune, teoun
  • Old Frisian: tūn (“fence, enclosure”)
    • Saterland Frisian: Tuun
    • West Frisian: tún
  • Old Saxon: tūn (“fence”)
    • Middle Low German: tûn
      • German Low German: Tuun
      • Low German: Tuun
  • Old Dutch: tūn (“garden”)
    • Middle Dutch: tuun
      • Dutch: tuin
        • Afrikaans: tuin
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: tun
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: tun
      • Limburgish: toen
      • West Flemish: tuun
      • Zealandic: tuun
  • Old High German: zūn (“fence, enclosure”)
    • Middle High German: zūn, zoun
      • German: Zaun
      • Luxembourgish: Zonk
      • Vilamovian: caojn
  • → Proto-Slavic: *tynъ (“fence, enclosure”) (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: tún n (“field, enclosure”)
  • Icelandic: tún
  • Faroese: tún
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tun, Tune; (dialectal) ton
  • Swedish: tun, -tuna, Tuna
  • Danish: tun, Tune
    • Norwegian Bokmål: tun, Tune