Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʰel-

1. to call
2. to chant
3. to shout

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰel-‎ (13 c, 0 e)

• *gʰol-éye-ti (causative)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *galiti (see there for further descendants)
• *gʰól-e-ti (o-grade intensive)
  • Proto-Germanic: *galaną (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galdraz (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galstrą
      • Old High German: galstar
        • Middle High German: galster
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlaz
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlijaną (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzgōlaz
• *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti (néh₂-present)
  • Proto-Albanian: *galda
    • Albanian: galdoj
  • Proto-Germanic: *gullōną (see there for further descendants)
• *gʰel-n- (possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti)
  • Proto-Germanic: *gellaną (see there for further descendants)
• *gʰel-gʰel-
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: գեղգեղեմ (gełgełem)
      • Armenian: գեղգեղել (geġgeġel)
  • Hittite: [script needed] (galgal-ināi-, “to make a musical sound”)
• *gʰōl-i-
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *galьnъ (“cared for, pet”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *galьba (“caress”)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: գեղ-օն (geł-ōn)
      • Armenian: գեղոն (geġon)
  • Greek:
    • Ancient Greek: χεῖλ-ος (kheîl-os), χῆλος (khêlos); χέλλος (khéllos)
      • Greek: χείλος (cheílos)
  • Proto-Slavic: *galъ (see there for further descendants)