Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćŕ̥Has

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os ~ ḱŕ̥h₂-es-, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, top; horn”).

Noun

*ćŕ̥Has n

1. head, top

Derived terms

• *prá ćŕ̥Has (“front of the head”)
  • Proto-Nuristani: *praćíra (“above”)
    • Northern Nuristani:
      • Kamkata-viri:

        Kamviri: paćéř

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śŕ̥Has
  • Sanskrit: शिरस् (śíras)
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)
      • Awadhi: सिर (sir)
    • Dardic:
      • Kashmiri: [script needed] (hīrü)
      • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šīr)
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Sinhalese: සිර (sira)
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)
      • Assamese: সিৰ (xir)
      • Bengali: শির (śir)
      • Maithili: सिर (sir)
      • Odia: ସିର (sirô)
    • Pali: siras
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)
      • Garhwali: सिर (sir)
      • Gujarati: સિર (sir)
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: सिर (sir)

        Urdu: سر (sir)

      • Kumaoni: सिर (sir)
      • Nepali: सिर (sira)
      • Punjabi: ਸਿਰ (sir)
      • Romani: śero, shero; šero
        • Kalo Finnish Romani: ȟeero
        • → Hungarian: séró
• Proto-Iranian: *cŕ̥Hah
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Ossetian: сӕр (sær)
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (sr-)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Kurdish: ser (sar, “head”)
    • Parachi: sȫr
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫡 (sr /⁠sar⁠/)

      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭓𐭉𐭔𐭀 (RYŠʾ /⁠sar⁠/)

  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫡 (sr /⁠sar⁠/)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sl /⁠sar⁠/)

      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (LOYŠE /⁠sar⁠/)

      • Persian: سر (sar)
        • → Hindustani:

          Hindi: सर (sar)

          Urdu: سر (sar)

        • → Ottoman Turkish: سر (ser)
          • Turkish: ser
          • → Arabic: سَر (sar)
        • →? Pashto: سر (sar)
      • → Old Armenian: *սար- (*sar-, “head, master”)
  • → Old Armenian: կախարդա-սար (kaxarda-sar), սաղ-աւարտ (sał-awart)
  • → Middle Armenian: Մանկա-սար (Manka-sar)
• Proto-Nuristani: *ćíra
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: ćeř (“top”) (in compounds)