Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tárHati
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *térh₂-e-ti, from *terh₂- (“to cross over”).
Verb[edit]
*tárHati
- to cross over
Inflection[edit]
Nonfinite forms of *tárHati
| Infinitive | *tárHtum |
|---|---|
| Gerund | *tr̥HtwáH |
| Past passive participle | *tr̥Hnás |
| Future passive participle | *tā́rHyas |
Present forms of *tárHati
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *tárHaHmi | *tárHaHwas | *tárHaHmas | *tárHay | *tarHáHwadʰHay | *tarHáHmadʰHay | *tr̥Hyáy | *tr̥HyáHwadʰHay | *tr̥HyáHmadʰHay | |
| 2nd | *tárHasi | *tárHatʰas | *tárHatʰa | *tárHasay | *tárHaytʰay | *tárHadʰway | *tr̥Hyásay | *tr̥Hyáytʰay | *tr̥Hyádʰway | |
| 3rd | *tárHati | *tárHatas | *tárHanti | *tárHatay | *tárHaytay | *tárHantay | *tr̥Hyátay | *tr̥Hyáytay | *tr̥Hyántay | |
| Imperative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *tárHaHni | *tárHaHwa | *tárHaHma | *tárHaHy | *tarHáHwadʰHaHy | *tarHáHmadʰHaHy | *tr̥HyáHy | *tr̥HyáHwadʰHaHy | *tr̥HyáHmadʰHaHy | |
| 2nd | *tárHa | *tárHatam | *tárHata | *tárHaswa | *tárHaytʰām | *tárHadʰwam | *tr̥Hyáswa | *tr̥Hyáytʰām | *tr̥Hyádʰwam | |
| 3rd | *tárHatu | *tárHatām | *tárHantu | *tárHatām | *tárHaytām | *tárHantam | *tr̥Hyátām | *tr̥Hyáytām | *tr̥Hyántam | |
| Optative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *tárHayHam | *tárHaywa | *tárHaymas | *tárHayHa | *tarHáywadʰHi | *tarHáymadʰHi | *tr̥HyáyHa | *tr̥HyáywadʰHi | *tr̥HyáymadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *tárHays | *tárHaytam | *tárHayta | *tárHaytʰās | *tarHáyHātʰām | *tárHaydʰwam | *tr̥Hyáytʰās | *tr̥HáyHātʰām | *tr̥Hyáydʰwam | |
| 3rd | *tárHayt | *tárHaytām | *tárHayHunt | *tárHayta | *tarHáyHātām | *tárHayrant | *tr̥Hyáyta | *tr̥HyáyHātām | *tr̥Hyáyrant | |
| Participles | *tárHant | *tárHamHnas | *tr̥HyámHnas | |||||||
Imperfect forms of *tárHati
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *átarHam | *atárHaHwa | *atárHaHma | *átarHay | *atarHáHwadʰHi | *atarHáHmadʰHi | *atr̥Hyáy | *atr̥HyáHwadʰHi | *atr̥HyáHmadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *átarHas | *atárHatam | *atárHata | *atárHatʰās | *atárHaytʰām | *atárHadʰwam | *atr̥Hyátʰās | *atr̥Hyáytʰām | *atr̥Hyádʰwam | |
| 3rd | *átarHat | *atárHatām | *átarHant | *atárHata | *atárHaytām | *atárHanta | *atr̥Hyáta | *atr̥Hyáytām | *atr̥Hyánta | |
Derived terms[edit]
- *witárHati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *witárHati
- Proto-Iranian: *witárHati[1]
- Old Persian: [Term?] (/vitar-/)
- Middle Persian:
- Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (w(y)dyrd)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wtylyt /widerēd/)
- Middle Persian:
- Parthian: [script needed] (w(y)dr-), [script needed] (w(y)dʿr-)
- Sogdian:
- Buddhist: [script needed] (wytr-)
- Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (wytʿr-)
- Old Persian: [Term?] (/vitar-/)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*tarH1”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 380
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “TARI”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 629