Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kuru
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This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Japonic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Verb[edit]
*kuru
- to give
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
The core underlying meaning seems to be spin; turn around and around, as in Japanese adverb くるるに (kururu ni) and related vowel-shifted root *koro and derivations such as Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”) and 転がる (korogaru, “to roll, to roll around”).
The derived sense of go mad (verb) and painful (adjective) arose from the way that someone suffering from convulsions would often turn around and around.[1][2]
Root[edit]
*kuru
Derived terms[edit]
- *kuruma (“wheel; car”)
Descendants[edit]
- Old Japanese: くるるに (kururu ni, “spinningly, turningly”), 狂ふ (kurupu, “go mad”), 苦し (kurusi, “painful, stressful, excruciating”)
- Japanese: くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly”)
- Old Japanese: 繰 (kuru, “to spin a thread”)
- Japanese: 繰る (kuru)
- Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuri (“to spin a thread”)
- Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuru (“painful”)
- Northern Ryukyuan:
- Kikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)
- Kunigami: 苦ーせん (-gurūsen, -gurīsen) (only used as a suffix)
- Northern Amami-Oshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)
- Okinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)
- Oki-No-Erabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)
- Southern Amami-Oshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)
- Toku-No-Shima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi)
- Yoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
- Northern Ryukyuan:
References[edit]
- ^ “狂”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “苦”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000