Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh/žˁala

This Proto-Nakh entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Nakh entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Nakh

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Kartvelian *ʒ₁aɣl-.

Noun

*žˁala

1. dog

   Coordinate terms: *pħu (“male dog”), *dzɦuṭ (“female dog”)

Descendants

• Vainakh:
  • Chechen: жӏаьла (žˀäla)
  • Ingush: жӏали (žˀali)

Further reading

• Arsakhanov, Israil (1969) Чеченская диалектология [Chechen dialectology] (in Russian), Grozny: Chechen-Ingush Book Publishing House, pages 59, 67, 154: “джӏаьла; джӏали ― džӏaʹla; džӏali”
• Imnajšvili, David S. (1977) Историко-сравнительный анализ фонетики нахских языков / ნახური ჯგუფის ენათა ფონეტიკის ისტორიულ-შედარებითი ანალიზი [Historical and comparative analysis of the phonetics of the Nakh languages] (in Russian), Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 113: “ǯwali, ǯwäla, žwali”
• Desheriev, Yunus D. (1963) Сравнительно-историческая грамматика нахских языков и проблемы происхождения и исторического развития горских кавказских народов [Comparative-historical grammar of the Nakh languages and the problems of the origin and historical development of the mountain Caucasian peoples] (in Russian), Grozny: Chechen-Ingush Book Publishing House, page 239: “джӏаьла; джӏали ― džӏaʹla; džӏali”
• Macijev, A. G., Ozdojev, I. A., Džamalxanov, Z. D. (1962) Нохчийн-гӏалгӏайн-оьрсийн словарь / Чеченско-ингушско-русский словарь [Chechen–Ingush–Russian dictionary] (in Russian), Grozny: Chechen-Ingush Book Publishing House, page 74: “жӏаьла; жӏали ― žӏaʹla; žӏali”
• Matsiev, Akhmat G. (1961) Чеченско-русский словарь / Нохчийн-оьрсийн словарь [Chechen-Russian dictionary] (in Russian), Moscow: State Publishing House of Foreign and Ethnicity Dictionaries, page 179: “жӏаьла ― žӏaʹla”
• Arsakhanov, Israil (1959) Аккинский диалект в системе чечено-ингушского языка [Akkin dialect in the system of the Chechen-Ingush language] (in Russian), Grozny: Chechen-Ingush Book Publishing House, page 32: “жӏали”
• Aliroev, Ibragim Ju. (1975) Сравнительно-сопоставительный словарь отраслевой лексики чеченского и ингушского языков и диалектов [Comparative-Contrastive Dictionary of the Branch Lexicon of the Chechen and Ingush Languages and Dialects] (in Russian), Makhachkala: Chechen-Ingush Book Publishing House, page 83: “джӏали; жӏали; джӏали; джӏал ― džӏali; žӏali; džӏali; džӏal”
• Uslar, Peter von (1888) Этнография Кавказа. Языкознание. II. Чеченский язык [Ethnography of the Caucasus. Linguistics. II. The Chechen language] (in Russian), Tiflis: Printing house of the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the civil unit in the Caucasus, pages 8, 12, 40: “џԧелі”