Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъpanъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably an Iranian origin. Borrowed from Scythian, further from Proto-Iranian *gu-pāna-, *gau-pāna- (“cattleguard”), from compound of *gā́wš (“cow”) + *pāna- (“protection, security, guard”).

According to Boryś Sanskrit गोपायति (gopāyati) and गोपा (gopā) are possible cognates. Root for all words to come from Proto-Indo-European *gewp- (“to hide, protect”), Slavic word extended with *-anъ.

Noun

*gъpanъ m

1. (West Slavic) ruler, master

Declension

Declension of *gъpanъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gъpanъ	*gъpana	*gъpani
genitive	*gъpana	*gъpanu	*gъpanъ
dative	*gъpanu	*gъpanoma	*gъpanomъ
accusative	*gъpanъ	*gъpana	*gъpany
instrumental	*gъpanъmь, *gъpanomь*	*gъpanoma	*gъpany
locative	*gъpaně	*gъpanu	*gъpaněxъ
vocative	*gъpane	*gъpana	*gъpani

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *gъpanьji f
• *gъpanьna f
• *gъpanьskъ
• *gъpanьstvo

Descendants

• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hpán, pán
    • Czech: pán, pan
  • Old Polish: pan
    • Masurian: pán
    • Polish: pan
      • → Lithuanian: põnas
      • → Yiddish: פּאַן (pan)
    • Silesian: pōn
    • → Old East Slavic: панъ (panŭ) (rare, 13ᵗʰ c.)
      • Old Ruthenian: панъ (pan), пань (panʹ) (14ᵗʰ c.)
        • Belarusian: пан (pan)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: пан (pan)
        • Ukrainian: пан (pan)
        • → Middle Russian: панъ (pan) (16ᵗʰ c.)
          • Russian: пан (pan)
  • Old Slovak: pán
    • Pannonian Rusyn: пан (pan)
    • Slovak: pán
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: pón
    • Slovincian: pón
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: pan
    • Upper Sorbian: pan

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъpanъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 197
• Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “gъpanъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 328
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1993), “пан”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 8 (не́марач – пая́ць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, →ISBN
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “пан”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 272
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пан”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “pan”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 410