Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvozdъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact”), apparently via o-stem Proto-Balto-Slavic *gwázdas. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kwastuz (“tuft; tassel”) (u-stem), Albanian gjeth (“foilage”) (i-stem), possibly Old Armenian կոշտ (košt, “stump, clod”) (i-stem).

Noun

*gvо̀zdъ m

1. dense woodland, holt, thicket

   Synonyms: *gǫstakъ, *čęšča

Declension

Declension of *gvòzdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gvòzdъ	*gvozdà	*gvozdì
genitive	*gvozdà	*gvozdù	*gvòzdъ
dative	*gvozdù	*gvozdòma	*gvozdòmъ
accusative	*gvòzdъ	*gvozdà	*gvozdỳ
instrumental	*gvozdъ̀mь, *gvozdòmь*	*gvozdòma	*gvòzdy
locative	*gvozdě̀	*gvozdù	*gvòzděxъ
vocative	*gvozde	*gvozdà	*gvozdì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *gvozditi (“to stiffen”)
  • *gvozdьnъ, *gvozděnъ (“stiff, iron”)
• *gvozdь, *gvozdьjь (“peg, nail”)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian: (Kajkavian, archaic)

    Cyrillic script: гво̏зд

    Latin script: gvȍzd

  • Slovene: gọ̏zd, gọ̑zd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hvozd (literary)
  • Old Polish: gozd

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gvozdъ/*gvozdь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 185