Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nuďa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *nǫďa

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *neh₂ut- (“torment, misfortune”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w- (“the dead, corpse”).

(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

nùďa f

1. need, necessity

Declension

Declension of *nuďa (soft a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*nuďa	*nuďi	*nuďę̇
genitive	*nuďę̇	*nuďu	*nuďь
dative	*nuďi	*nuďama	*nuďamъ
accusative	*nuďǫ	*nuďi	*nuďę̇
instrumental	*nuďejǫ, *nuďǫ**	*nuďama	*nuďami
locative	*nuďi	*nuďu	*nuďasъ, *nuďaxъ*
vocative	*nuďe	*nuďi	*nuďę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *nùditi, *nǫ̀diti (“to compel, to force”)
• *nutiti, *nǫtiti (“to compel, to force”)
• *nukati, *nǫkati (“to urge, to incite”)
• *nyti (“to yearn”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: нужа (nuža)
    • Belarusian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal?)
    • Russian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal?)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: ноужда (nužda), нѫжда (nǫžda) (from *nǫďa)
    • Bulgarian: нужда (nužda)
    • → Russian: нужда́ (nuždá)
    • → Serbo-Croatian: ну̏жда / nȕžda
  • Macedonian: нужда (nužda)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: нуђа or нудја, нуја

    Latin script: nuđa or nudja, nuja

  • Slovene: núja
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: núzě
    • Czech: nouze
  • Old Polish: nędza
    • Polish: nędza
  • Slovak: núdza
  • Sorbian:

    Lower Sorbian: nuza

    Upper Sorbian: nuza

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “нужа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*nudja”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 359