Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verdъ
 |
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
The attested meaning wart seems to be from Proto-Indo-European *werd- (“to blister”), which could be a d-extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”) (compare Lithuanian vìrti (“to boil”), pres. stem vérdu). Cognate with Latvian apvir̂de (“blister”), Proto-Germanic *wartǭ (“wart”).
The expected outcome of Proto-Indo-European *werd- in Slavic would be an acute (probably mobile given the broken tone in Latvian) stem. There is some evidence of acute for the causative verb *verditi, but not for the noun. The attested data for the noun points instead towards a circumflex mobile stem (with -éрe- resolution of the *-er- cluster in East Slavic and neoacute in Serbo-Croatian). This outcome presumes origin from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”), cognate with Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”).
It is possible that both an acute and circumflex etymons existed at some point, which later merged together due to Meillet's law. Snoj presumes that the original meaning of the circumflex stem was sprout, outgrowth. This semantic nuance is attested in (South) Proto-Slavic *verdьnъ (“worthy, dignified”), though, it is not certain if this etymon is native or of borrowed origin.
Noun[edit]
Declension[edit]
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vȇrdъ | *vȇrda | *vȇrdi |
| genitive | *vȇrda | *verdù | *vẽrdъ |
| dative | *vȇrdu | *verdomà | *verdòmъ |
| accusative | *vȇrdъ | *vȇrda | *vȇrdy |
| instrumental | *vȇrdъmь, *vȇrdomь* | *verdomà | *verdý |
| locative | *vȇrdě | *verdù | *verdě̃xъ |
| vocative | *verde | *vȇrda | *vȇrdi |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ве́ред”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вреда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 184
References[edit]
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “vredník”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vȇrdъ”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “verdъ verda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d (OSA 147; PR 137)”