Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/agsak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *agsa- (“to hobble, limp”) +‎ *-k.

Adjective

*agsak

1. lame

Declension

Declension of *agsak

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*agsak
Accusative	*agsaknï, *agsakïg 4), *agsaknïg 1)
Genitive	*agsaknïŋ
Dative	*agsakka
Locative	*agsakda
Ablative	*agsakdan
Allative	*agsakgaru
Instrumental 2)	*agsakïn
Equative 2)	*agsakča
Similative 2)	*agsaklayu
Comitative 2)	*agsaklïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: уксах (uksah)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: axsaq
      • Ottoman Turkish: آغساق (aksak)
        • Turkish: aksak
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: agsak
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اَخْساقْ (axsāq)
    • Uyghur: ئاخساق (axsaq), ئاسقاق (asqaq)
    • Uzbek: oqsoq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: аҡһаҡ (aqhaq)
    • Tatar: аксак (aqsaq)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: aqsaq
    • Karachay-Balkar: акъсакъ (aqsaq)
    • Kumyk: акъсакъ (aqsaq)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: [script needed] (suwıq)
    • Kazakh: ақсақ (aqsaq)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: аксак (aksak)
    • Southern Altai: аксак (aksak)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: ʾʾqsʾq (aɣsaq/aqsaq/axsaq)

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “axsa:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 95
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 76
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “aksak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 9
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*agsa-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill