Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yaŋša-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Cognate with the more common Proto-Turkic *yaŋra-, however it is morphologically obscure.

Verb

*yaŋša-

1. (Oghuz Turkic, intransitive) to babble

Conjugation

Conjugation of *yaŋša- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*yaŋšamak
participle	present		*yaŋšagan, yaŋšagma, yaŋšar
	past		*yaŋšaduk, yaŋšamïš
	future		*yaŋšadačï, yaŋšamakčï, yaŋšasïk, yaŋšayačak
verbal noun			*yaŋšama, yaŋšag, yaŋšagu
way of doing			*yaŋšaš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*yaŋšar ben	*yaŋšar sen	*yaŋšar	*yaŋšar biz	*yaŋšar siz	*yaŋšar
	past	simple	*yaŋšadïm	*yaŋšadïŋ	*yaŋšadï	*yaŋšadïk, yaŋšadïmïz	*yaŋšadïŋïz	*yaŋšadï
		inferential	*yaŋšamïš ben	*yaŋšamïš sen	*yaŋšamïš	*yaŋšamïš biz	*yaŋšamïš siz	*yaŋšamïš
	future	simple	*yaŋšadačï ben, yaŋšamakčï ben, yaŋšayačak ben	*yaŋšadačï sen, yaŋšamakčï sen, yaŋšayačak sen	*yaŋšadačï, yaŋšamakčï, yaŋšayačak	*yaŋšadačï biz, yaŋšamakčï biz, yaŋšayačak biz	*yaŋšadačï siz, yaŋšamakčï siz, yaŋšayačak siz	*yaŋšadačï, yaŋšamakčï, yaŋšayačak
		predictive	*yaŋšagay ben	*yaŋšagay sen	*yaŋšagay	*yaŋšagay biz	*yaŋšagay siz	*yaŋšagay
		necessitive	*yaŋšasïkïm	*yaŋšasïkïŋ	*yaŋšasïk	*yaŋšasïkïmïz	*yaŋšasïkïŋïz	*yaŋšasïk
conditional			*yaŋšasam, yaŋšasar ben	*yaŋšasaŋ, yaŋšasar sen	*yaŋšasa, yaŋšasar	*yaŋšasak, yaŋšasamïz, yaŋšasar biz	*yaŋšasaŋïz, yaŋšasar siz	*yaŋšasalar, yaŋšasar
optative			*yaŋšagay ben	*yaŋšagay sen	*yaŋšagay	*yaŋšagay biz	*yaŋšagay siz	*yaŋšagay
progressive			*yaŋšamakda ben	*yaŋšamakda sen	*yaŋšamakda	*yaŋšamakda biz	*yaŋšamakda siz	*yaŋšamakda
necessitative			*yaŋšamalïg ben	*yaŋšamalïg sen	*yaŋšamalïg	*yaŋšamalïg biz	*yaŋšamalïg siz	*yaŋšamalïg
imperative			*yaŋšayayïn	*yaŋša, yaŋšagïl	*yaŋšazun	*yaŋšayalïm	*yaŋšayïŋ	*yaŋšazun
Negative
infinitive			*yaŋšamamak
participle	present		*yaŋšamagan, yaŋšamagma, yaŋšamaz
	past		*yaŋšamaduk, yaŋšamamïš
	future		*yaŋšamačï, yaŋšamasïk, yaŋšamayačak
verbal noun			*yaŋšamama, yaŋšamag, yaŋšamagu
way of doing			*yaŋšamaš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*yaŋšamaz ben	*yaŋšamaz sen	*yaŋšamaz	*yaŋšamaz biz	*yaŋšamaz siz	*yaŋšamaz
	past	simple	*yaŋšamadïm	*yaŋšamadïŋ	*yaŋšamadï	*yaŋšamadïk, yaŋšamadïmïz	*yaŋšamadïŋïz	*yaŋšamadï
		inferential	*yaŋšamamïš ben	*yaŋšamamïš sen	*yaŋšamamïš	*yaŋšamamïš biz	*yaŋšamamïš siz	*yaŋšamamïš
	future	simple	*yaŋšamačï ben, yaŋšamayačak ben	*yaŋšamačï sen, yaŋšamayačak sen	*yaŋšamačï, yaŋšamayačak	*yaŋšamačï biz, yaŋšamayačak biz	*yaŋšamačï siz, yaŋšamayačak siz	*yaŋšamačï, yaŋšamayačak
		predictive	*yaŋšamagay ben	*yaŋšamagay sen	*yaŋšamagay	*yaŋšamagay biz	*yaŋšamagay siz	*yaŋšamagay
		necessitive	*yaŋšamasïkïm	*yaŋšamasïkïŋ	*yaŋšamasïk	*yaŋšamasïkïmïz	*yaŋšamasïkïŋïz	*yaŋšamasïk
conditional			*yaŋšamasam, yaŋšamasar ben	*yaŋšamasaŋ, yaŋšamasar sen	*yaŋšamasa, yaŋšamasar	*yaŋšamasak, yaŋšamasamïz, yaŋšamasar biz	*yaŋšamasaŋïz, yaŋšamasar siz	*yaŋšamasalar, yaŋšamasar
optative			*yaŋšamagay ben	*yaŋšamagay sen	*yaŋšamagay	*yaŋšamagay biz	*yaŋšamagay siz	*yaŋšamagay
progressive			*yaŋšamamakda ben	*yaŋšamamakda sen	*yaŋšamamakda	*yaŋšamamakda biz	*yaŋšamamakda siz	*yaŋšamamakda
necessitative			*yaŋšamamalïg ben	*yaŋšamamalïg sen	*yaŋšamamalïg	*yaŋšamamalïg biz	*yaŋšamamalïg siz	*yaŋšamamalïg
imperative			*yaŋšamayayïn	*yaŋšama, yaŋšamagïl	*yaŋšamazun	*yaŋšamayalïm	*yaŋšamayïŋ	*yaŋšamazun

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yanşamaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: یاڭشامق (yañşamak)
      • Turkish: yanşamak
    • → Kipchak: [script needed] (yaŋša-)
      • Bashkir: [script needed] (yaŋža-)
      • Tatar: [script needed] (yaŋža-)
  • Salar: yañşa
  • Turkmen: ýanjamak
• → Proto-Mongolic: *yaŋsi-
  • Mongolian: янших (janšix)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yaŋşa:-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 953
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 124
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yavşak1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 85