Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yeŋgül

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Reconstructed also as *yéŋi-l, *yéŋi-k and *yeŋi-k by various authors. Possibly from an unattested *yéŋ(i)-.

Adjective

*yeŋgül

1. light (not heavy)

Antonym: *iagïr

Descendants

• Oghur
  • Chuvash: ҫӑмӑл (śămăl, “easy”)
  • → Hungarian: gyenge (“weak”)
• Arghu
  • Khalaj: [script needed] (yingil), [script needed] (yiyin)
• Oghuz
  • West Oghuz
    • Azerbaijani: yüngül, yeyin
    • Gagauz: yilin (dial.)
    • Ottoman Turkish: یگنی (yeğni)
      • Turkish: yeğni, yüngül
  • East Oghuz
    • Turkmen: yeńil
    • Salar: yumul
• Karluk
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (yüŋül), یَنِك (yenik)
  • East Karluk
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (yéŋil)
    • Uyghur: يەڭگىل (yenggil)
  • West Karluk
    • Uzbek: yengil
• Kipchak
  • West Kipchak
    • Crimean Tatar: yengil
    • Karachay-Balkar: зенгил (zeñil)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (yenil), [script needed] (yeŋil)
    • Kumyk: енгил (yeñil)
  • Kipchak-Nogai
    • Karakalpak: [script needed] (žeŋil)
    • Kazakh: жеңіл (jeñıl)
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: еңел (yeñel)
    • Tatar: җиңел (ciñel)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak
    • Kyrgyz: жеңил (jeŋil)
    • Southern Altai: јеҥил (ǰeŋil)
• Siberian
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yeŋik), [script needed] (yöŋül)
  • South Siberian
    • Western Yugur: žig
    • Yeniseian Turkic
      • Khakas: ниик (niik)
    • Sayan Turkic
      • Tofa: [script needed] (niŋeš)
      • Tuvan: чииҝ
    • Northern Altai: дьенъил (dʹyenʺil), ньенъил (nʹyenʺil), йенънек (yenʺnek)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yéŋil”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 950
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jeŋgü-l, jeŋi-k”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill