Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/warnijan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From *warnu (“refusal, denial”) + *-jan.
Verb[edit]
*warnijan[1]
Inflection[edit]
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *warnijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *warnidā | |
| Infinitive | *warnijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *warnijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *warnijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *warnijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *warniju | *warnidā |
| 2nd singular | *warnisi | *warnidēs, *warnidōs |
| 3rd singular | *warniþi | *warnidē, *warnidā |
| 1st plural | *warnijum | *warnidum |
| 2nd plural | *warniþ | *warnidud |
| 3rd plural | *warnijanþ | *warnidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *warnijē | *warnidī |
| 2nd singular | *warnijēs | *warnidī |
| 3rd singular | *warnijē | *warnidī |
| 1st plural | *warnijēm | *warnidīm |
| 2nd plural | *warnijēþ | *warnidīd |
| 3rd plural | *warnijēn | *warnidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *warni | |
| Plural | *warniþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *warnijandī | *warnid |
Descendants[edit]
- Old English: wiernan, weornan, wirnan, wyrnan
- Old Frisian: werna
- Old Saxon: wernian
- Old Dutch: *wernen
- Middle Dutch: wernen
- Old High German: wernen
- → Vulgar Latin: *guarnīre
References[edit]
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242: “PWGmc *warnijan”