User:-sche/Wiyot

Wiyot. In Reichard's 1925 orthography except where noted. (Special letters: ɬ ɣ ɑ ʷ + others.)

items and structures

• bɑ'kɑrô "small drying frame"
• bɑɬ (“house partition”) (cf. mo·l)

  cf buhl- "house" (1993), buhl-/bul- "house" (Karl Teeter's 1964 The Wiyot language orthography)

• bɑt (“soot”) (Reichard's 1925 orthography), pat (“soot, charcoal”) (1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography)
• bɑtgē' (“maul”) (verb? or noun?)
• blaiya·tck (“wedge”)
• botcibal (“(wooden) arrow”)
• bumē·'pel "metal knife"
• las- (“grind [an] ax (or) grind[ing] ax”)
• man (“canoe paddle”)
• meɬ (“ax”) (Reichard's 1925 orthography), bel (“axe”)/duhmel (“my axe (first person possessive)”) (1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography)
• mo·l (“house; roof”) (cf. bɑɬ); contrast Yurok wohlkekw (“roof”), mehlkue (“(a certain part of a Yurok house)”)
• pakɬ (“needle of deer rib”)
• va'dop (“netting shuttle”)
• vaɬaɬ (“pipe”) (Reichard's 1925 orthography), bolàl or boɬàl ("doctor's pipe") (1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography)

• vatsawē'tk (“ashes; stove”)

people and body parts (including animals')

• hɑmo·'twiɬ "woman"

• caroril, caróril "young woman, girl" (1993)

• he'tca· is glossed as "baby in arms"(?!)
• hikdak "Yurok man"

• wa'giswal "white woman"
• tikwomutwil, tikwómutwil "white woman" (1993)
• tikwo, tikwoh "white man" (1993)

• wɑkɑs "father-in-law" (1925), bakhas (“father-in-law, son-in-law”) (1993)

• aunt (maternal) : djo·l tco·l chul (1993: "čul") (The North American Indian orthography: chul; it also has Yurok "tul", corresponding to modern "tu'l", "tulos", which is used of both maternal and paternal, whereas Wiyot has in TNAI orthography "paq" for paternal aunt, 1993 "pokw") -- PA *neθwihša "my maternal aunt", PA *nesekwihsa "paternal aunt; cross aunt" [Hockett (1964)]

• 1993: ko (“mother”)

  1993: bakhat (“mother-in-law, daughter-in-law”)

• daɣ (“belly”); contrast Yurok -yah (“belly, stomach”) ('ne-yah (“my belly, my stomach”))
• mapt (“wart”) (1925) / bópt "wart" (1964)
• mi·t (“gills”); compare Yurok mr'rx (“gills”)
• vɑ-ɬo'k (“upper arm”); contrast Yurok 'na-rkow (“my armpit”), 'ne-sen (“my arm”)
• vɑpt (“teeth”) (=bapt)
• vɑ'tɑr "nose" (from -tɑr- "project")
• vɑ-tok "elbow"
• vɑ't-wo·k "rib"
• wad- "shell"
• wɑtgɑn (“nail”) (rɑtgɑn, kɑtgɑn) / vɑ-tgɑ'n (“finger- or toe-nail”)
• wē·'liɬ "foot" (1925), huwéliɬahl "her/his/its foot" (1993)
• we's "hand" (1925), wehs "hand" (1993 + Karl Teeter's 1964 The Wiyot language orthography)
• wēt (rē·t, kē·t) "tongue" (1925) / bít "tongue" (1964)
• witcgatc "leg" (1925) / báčkoč "leg" (1964)

• vɑ'tɑr "nose", rɑ'tɑr "my nose"
• vītsaɬ "saliva", rī'tsaɬ "my saliva" (1925) / bicôɬ "saliva" (1964)

• dɑ'wē glossed as "milt" (which according to en.Wikt means either "(animal) spleen" or "fish semen")

• baibalûk "ears" (1964)
• nókwoš "Yurok woman" (1964)

plants

• -ɑɬat "tree; bush"

  wawar-ɑɬat "salmon-berry bush"

  doɬ-ɑɬat "tan oak"

  vi'go-ɬat "salal-berry bush"

  te'ma·'-ɬat "elder bush"

• bɑdaɣɑt "apple"
• bɑgɑɬē·'tek "blueberry"
• gudji'cɑkwe (“pine nut”) (1925), kučišakwih (“pine nut bead”) (1993)
• gwa·s "tobacco"
• gwāts (??) "a bulbous plant"
• ɣɑs "manzanita"
• kɑwɑ'ɬ "dusky-leaved willow"
• la·c "strawberry"
• tgaɬ (?) "shiny-leaved willow"
• tso'm, "Leptitimia californica", a misspelling or misprint of Leptotaenia californica, an obsolete synonym of Lomatium californicum
• va'da'u' "salmon berry"
• va·d·l' "wood"
• vɑɬ "small bulbous plant"
• 1925: vɑt "hazelnut"; contrast 1993: haskapohla "hazelnuts"
• vē·ɬ (“nettle”) (-ē·ɬ?); compare Yurok me'yehl (“stinging nettle”) (-('y)ehl?)

• kwóswak "tobacco" (1964)
• thihmó "elderberries" (1964)
• rôkɬ "river onion" (1964) / rokɬ "river onion" (1993)
• palokhatk "hill onion(s), Indian potatoes, Brodiaca sp." (1993)

animals

• bɑkt "duck a little smaller than a loon"
• be·'i "mosquito"
• bo'tceɬ "night hawk"
• butcate "snail"
• cada·'c (“condor”); contrast Yurok hewono' (“condor”), pregonish (“condor”)/pregoos (“condor”)
• ci'par "small round shell which is strung"
• cira·'wɑ'n "dove"
• dāicô'te "animal"
• dɑ'kdo'ker "small black sea lion"
• dɑ'kgô·k "quail"
• dɑvɑ'l "king salmon(?)"
• da·'yl' "Sacramento goose"
• ɬawa'da'l "fish smaller than a steelhead but otherwise like it"
• ɬete (“wood rat”); contrast trgrs (“rat”)
• ɬo'kat "hake"
• ɬu·b "small shellfish"
• ɬwuraɣɑ'di "kind of crab"
• sa·ɣo'ks "canvasback duck"
• sɑlɑ's "ground squirrel (Athapascan slas)"
• sɑpɬ "a kind of crab"
• skɑrē·'ts "flounder"
• ve-lɑkʷ (“elk”); contrast Yurok mewihl (“elk”)
• ve-lɑkwiva·n "crane"
• ve-tcac "mussels (when inside something)"
• wóyic (1993 orthography)

• tɑpɬ (“bumble bee”)
• tɑvɑ'ɣɑr (“white short-nosed sturgeon”)
• tgēbɑ's (“small red crab”)
• tgo·w (“bluebill”)
• tkayo·'kis (“starfish”); contrast Yurok koyaakw' (“starfish”)
• twl'nuwl' (“herring”)
• tya·kʷ (“yellowhammer; yellow-shafted flicker”) (Colaptes auratus); contrast Yurok pega'r (“yellowhammer”)/pegoy (“flicker, yellowhammer”)

• botskɑts "a bunch of [ten] ducks : ten ducks tied together"

• makʷ hɑdē'gwɑ'l "bear his louse", i.e. "caterpillar"

  bókw "bear" (NL)

• ha'-la·'l-iɬ "duck ['it flies around']"
• ha-ɬa·'l-iɣ "jump around"
• ha'-likʷɬ-il "fox ['he cries around']"
• ha-rakʷɬi'r-iɬ "wolf ['he chases around']"
• he-ya-va·'w-iɬ "it is crying"

• 1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography: lowepalukil (“rabbit”), hikw (“rabbitskin”)
• 1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography: woyic ("dog, horse"), wečoč ("puppy [dog]")

• phicûhlokš "owl" (1964)
• chòd "mussels" (1964)
• čumoš "slug" (1964)
• ɬimoyúsahla "bluejay" (1964)

• hoɬe·i' [clam]
• horawa'yɑɣel [fur seal (probably a compound)]

  hu-rá-wa-yi-ģhiħl (The North American Indian orthography; it also has "tu-wḗ-ģhā́" for Yurok "raccoon", modern Yurok orthography "twegoh")

• hɑ'mĕ·k [pigeon]
• bitso'lake [owl]
• becdo'l [chipmunk (compound)]
• ba·'m [sturgeon]

• ka-chó-qi "rattlesnake" (TNAI), hóhrač "snake" (1993)

misc

• valar (“war song”); contrast Yurok rur (“song”)

• mɑs wulo·lɑ'l "fire its mouth", i.e. "fireplace"

  The Wiyot Language (1964), page 81: "Two nouns of the class have an irregular 1-Poss: balid 'eyes' and balul 'mouth', whose 1-Poss forms are respectively kalid and kalul."

  Wiyot Handbook (1993): balul "mouth", kalul "mouth of 1[st person, i.e. 'my mouth']", khalúl "mouth of 2[nd person, i.e. 'your mouth']"

• mɑs (“fire”) (Reichard's 1925 orthography) / bas (“fire”) (1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography)

  see *mehše

• gɑtsunē·k "ice"
• gowe'lei' "earthquake"
• gves "mountain"
• hēɬɑ'k "lightning"
• ho·'l (“water”) (1925), huhl (“water”) (1993)
• kā·k "cloudy night" (literally "open")
• laleɬ (“river”, literally “it flows”)
• lɑ'pdau' "cloud"
• latgak (“sand”)
• we'n hawɑlē'nɑ'l "sky its eyes", i.e. stars
• we'n (“sky”); contrast Yurok 'wes'onew (“sky”)

• pei' (“(spoiled) yeast”)
• vo'd·ɑwɑ'k "famine"
• wi'k-dat "southward, up hither (used in prayer)"

• -dēgaw- "cut through"
• dēcgl'gwa·g- "talk of dead people"
• (-)dēg- (sometimes dēgw-) "break; sever"
• -dēgɑl- (“urinate”); contrast Yurok hahsehl (“urine”), 'ah (“urinate (of men)”), 'rkryshek' (“I urinate”)
• -dēgw·ɑ-wē·c- "mark a spark"
• -dēgwɑl- "tell what one (as a doctor) sees : diagnose"
• -dēkʷɬ- "lie"
• (-)lɑtgɑr- "frighten, chase"
• -lɑnēm- "take [a?] trail"
• -lɑtsg- "make[a] report"
• (h/y/d/l)ē·l "say"
• hēɬɑɬ- "choke"
• heɬonɑtc- "blow [one's] nose"

• Wiyot: ga'wik (“blood”) (in Reichard's 1925 orthography), kahwik (“blood”) (in the 1993 Wiyot handbook’s orthography); saɣ (“is red”) (in Reichard's 1925 orthography); bas (“red”) (in the 1993 Wiyot handbook’s orthography)
• Yurok: pekoyek (“blood”) (short form: pek); pekoyoh (“be red”)

• batûk "sibling" (1964)
• bácas "sibling-in-law (woman speaking)" (1964)
• čhuróč "bottle" (1964)
• latkâk "sand" (1964)

• bíkwhal "tears" (1964)
• báh "excrement" (1964)
• bacókš "semen" (1964)

• 1925: A final r or d becomes n when certain suffixes are added: tsa·r "mussel", tsa·'nats "shell spoon"

• ku "that" (1993)

• -lɑ'wɑl- [swallow (verb)],
• -lɑwas- [string a bow (verb)]