User:Xenos melophilos/Khalaj alphabet
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THIS IS A WORK IN PROGRESS
These alphabets are based on Azerbaijani orthography, and Ali Asgar Cemrâsî's scripts[1][2]
Correspondence[edit]
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
Close | i /i/ | y /y/ | ı (/ɨ/) | u /u/ | ||
Mid | e /e/ | ö /ø/ | o /o/ | |||
Open | ə /æ/ | a /a/ |
Labial | Dental | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ñ /ɲ/ | |||||
Stop/Affricate | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | ç /t͡ʃ/ | k /k/ | q /q/ | ||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | c /d͡ʒ/ | g /ɡ/ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | s /s/ | ş /ʃ/ | x /χ/ | h /h/ | ||
voiced | v /v/ | z /z/ | j /ʒ/ | ğ /ʁ/ | ||||
Approximant | l /l/ | y /j/ | ||||||
Rhotic | r /ɾ/ |
Khalaj latin orthography[edit]
Khalaj latin alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper case | A | B | C | Ç | D | E | Ə | F | G | Ğ | H | X | I | İ | J | K | Q | L | M | N | Ñ | O | Ö | P | R | S | Ş | T | U | Ü | V | Y | Z | ||||||||||||||||||
Lower case | a | b | c | ç | d | e | ə | f | g | ğ | h | x | ı | i | j | k | q | l | m | n | ñ | o | ö | p | r | s | ş | t | u | ü | v | y | z | ||||||||||||||||||
IPA | /a/ | /b/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /d/ | /e/ | /æ/ | /f/ | /ɡ/ | /ʁ/ | /h/ | /χ/ | (/ɨ/) | /i/ | /ʒ/ | /k/ | /q/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /o/ | /ø/ | /p/ | /r/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /u/ | /y/ | /v/ | /j/ | /z/ |
- ⟨ı⟩ actually stands for not only /ɨ/, but also /i/, /u/ and /y/, since these vowels alternate a lot.
- ⟨ñ⟩ actually represents lot of allophones like [n] and [j].
- Long forms of a, e, ə, i, o, ö, u and ü are written with circumflex: â, ê, ə̂, î, ô, ö̂, û, ü̂.
- For the long form of /ɨ/, ⟨ı⟩ is duplicated: "ıı". Even if it's pronounced as [iː] it should be written as "ıı" because of the front or back vowels before and after it (vowel harmony).
- The only falling diphthongs that are allowed are those composed by 1 close vowel and 1 mid vowel next, for example îe [iːe̯], ü̂ö [yːø̯] ûo [uːo̯].
- Rising diphthongs don't have an special representation: the long vowels stand for them.
Khalaj arabic orthography[edit]
Khalaj Perso-Arabic alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | آ | ا | ب | پ | ت | ث | ج | چ | ح | خ | د | ذ | ر | ز | ژ | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ک | گ | ڲ | ل | م | ن | ݧ | و | ؤ | وُ | وْ | ۆ | ه | ی | ئ | ؽ | ||||||||||
IPA | /aː-/ | /a/, /-aː(-)/ | /b/ | /p/ | /t/ | /s/ | /dʒ/ | /tʃ/ | /h/ | /χ/ | /d/ | /z/ | /ɾ/ | /z/ | /ʒ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /t/ | /z/ | [ʔ] ~ [∅] | /ʁ/ | /f/ | /q/ | /k/ | /ɡ/ | /-ʝ(-)/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /v/ | /ø/ | /u/ | /o/ | /y/ | /h/, /æ/ | /i/, /j/ | /e/ | (/ɨ/) |
- ⟨ؽ⟩ actually stands for not only /ɨ/, but also /i/, /u/ and /y/, since these vowels alternate a lot.
- ⟨ݧ⟩ actually represents allophones like [n] and [j].
- ⟨ڲ⟩ actually represents allophones like [ɡ] and [j].
- ف ,ع ,ظ ,ط, ض ,ص ,ژ ,ذ ,خ ,ح ,ث are only used for Persian, Azeri and Arabic loanwords
- ؽ ,ئ ,ی ,ۆ ,وْ ,وُ ,ؤ not only represent short vowels, but long ones.
- If ha' represents /æ/, it must be written in final position in auslaut. If /æ/ is long, ha' is the only letter that represents it.
- If a native word begins with a vowel other than ⟨a⟩ or ⟨ə⟩, the representing letter must be anticipated by alif.
- Diphthongs are constructed in the same way as in the latin script, with rising diphthongs not being specially represented.
- Loanwords borrowed from languages that use Arabic script (for example Persian, Arabic and Azeri) should conserve the original written form, even if it doesn't match with Khalaj orthography.
Khalaj | IPA |
---|---|
◌َ | /a/, /æ/ |
◌ِ | /i/ ~ /ɨ/ |
◌ُ | /u/, /y/, /o/, /ø/ |
- Fatha stands for /æ/ in anlaut and inlaut.
- Fatha stands for /a/ only above of alif at the beginning of a word.
- Harakat is used mainly in Persian and Arabic loanwords. It's also used to avoid confusion.
Khalaj | Function |
---|---|
◌ّ | Consonant duplication |
- Shaddah is used only with Arabic loanwords. For native ones, the consonant is duplicated.