céad

See also: cead

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ciːa̯d̪ˠ/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ceːd̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

Irish cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : céad     Ordinal : céadú

From Old Irish cét, from Proto-Celtic *kantom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Alternative forms

• ceud (obsolete)

Numeral

céad

1. hundred

Derived terms

• céad míle fáilte

Noun

céad m (genitive singular céid, nominative plural céadta)

1. (group of a) hundred
2. century
3. hundredweight

Declension

Declension of céad

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative céad céadta Vocative a chéid a chéadta Genitive céid céadta Dative céad céadta

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an céad na céadta Genitive an chéid na gcéadta Dative leis an gcéad don chéad leis na céadta

Synonyms

• (century): aois
• (hundredweight): céad meáchain

Etymology 2

From Old Irish cét-, from Proto-Celtic *kentus (“first”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“new, fresh”); cognate with Latin recēns (“recent”) and Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”).

Adjective

céad (indeclinable) (triggers lenition (except of d, s, and t))

1. first

   an chéad fhear ― the first man

   na chéad daoine ― the first people

   ar an gcéad líne ― on the first line

Usage notes

• Usually preceded by the definite article, and always lenited after the article except in the dative singular, where it mutates according to the preposition used.

Derived terms

• Céadaoin
• céadphroinn

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
céad	chéad	gcéad
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 cét (‘hundred’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 cét- (‘first’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “céad”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 122
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “céad”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 14