chafua

Swahili

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to chafu”)

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

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Verb

-chafua (infinitive kuchafua)

1. to soil, to make dirty

Conjugation

Conjugation of -chafua
Positive present -nachafua Subjunctive -chafue Negative -chafui Imperative singular chafua
Infinitives
Positive kuchafua Negative kutochafua
Imperatives
Singular chafua Plural chafueni
Tensed forms
Habitual huchafua Positive past positive subject concord + -lichafua Negative past negative subject concord + -kuchafua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nachafua) Singular Plural 1st person ninachafua/nachafua tunachafua 2nd person unachafua mnachafua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anachafua wanachafua other classes positive subject concord + -nachafua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -chafui) Singular Plural 1st person sichafui hatuchafui 2nd person huchafui hamchafui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hachafui hawachafui other classes negative subject concord + -chafui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tachafua Negative future negative subject concord + -tachafua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -chafue) Singular Plural 1st person nichafue tuchafue 2nd person uchafue mchafue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) achafue wachafue other classes positive subject concord + -chafue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sichafue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngechafua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singechafua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalichafua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalichafua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achafua) Singular Plural 1st person nachafua twachafua 2nd person wachafua mwachafua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) achafua wachafua m-mi(III/IV) wachafua yachafua ji-ma(V/VI) lachafua yachafua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chachafua vyachafua n(IX/X) yachafua zachafua u(XI) wachafua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwachafua pa(XVI) pachafua mu(XVIII) mwachafua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mechafua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshachafua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jachafua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kichafua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipochafua Consecutive kachafua / positive subject concord + -kachafua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kachafue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nichafua -tuchafua 2nd person -kuchafua -wachafua/-kuchafueni/-wachafueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mchafua -wachafua m-mi(III/IV) -uchafua -ichafua ji-ma(V/VI) -lichafua -yachafua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kichafua -vichafua n(IX/X) -ichafua -zichafua u(XI) -uchafua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuchafua pa(XVI) -pachafua mu(XVIII) -muchafua Reflexive -jichafua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -chafua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -chafuaye -chafuao m-mi(III/IV) -chafuao -chafuayo ji-ma(V/VI) -chafualo -chafuayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chafuacho -chafuavyo n(IX/X) -chafuayo -chafuazo u(XI) -chafuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -chafuako pa(XVI) -chafuapo mu(XVIII) -chafuamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -chafua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yechafua -ochafua m-mi(III/IV) -ochafua -yochafua ji-ma(V/VI) -lochafua -yochafua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chochafua -vyochafua n(IX/X) -yochafua -zochafua u(XI) -ochafua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kochafua pa(XVI) -pochafua mu(XVIII) -mochafua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.