chitha

Northern Ndebele

Verb

-chitha

1. to spill

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Southern Ndebele

Verb

-chitha

1. to waste

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-chitha

1. to waste, to spill
2. to destroy

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• inkcitho

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-chitha

1. to scatter
2. to spread
3. to spill
4. to waste
5. to destroy, to defeat

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuchitha
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuchitha	ukungachithi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	chitha	-chithe
Plural	chithani	-chitheni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyachitha, ngichitha	engichithayo, engichitha	ngichitha	angichithi	engingachithi	ngingachithi
2nd singular	uyachitha, uchitha	ochithayo, ochitha	uchitha	awuchithi	ongachithi	ungachithi
1st plural	siyachitha, sichitha	esichithayo, esichitha	sichitha	asichithi	esingachithi	singachithi
2nd plural	niyachitha, nichitha	enichithayo, enichitha	nichitha	anichithi	eningachithi	ningachithi
Class 1	uyachitha, uchitha	ochithayo, ochitha	echitha	akachithi	ongachithi	engachithi
Class 2	bayachitha, bachitha	abachithayo, abachitha	bechitha	abachithi	abangachithi	bengachithi
Class 3	uyachitha, uchitha	ochithayo, ochitha	uchitha	awuchithi	ongachithi	ungachithi
Class 4	iyachitha, ichitha	echithayo, echitha	ichitha	ayichithi	engachithi	ingachithi
Class 5	liyachitha, lichitha	elichithayo, elichitha	lichitha	alichithi	elingachithi	lingachithi
Class 6	ayachitha, achitha	achithayo, achitha	echitha	awachithi	angachithi	engachithi
Class 7	siyachitha, sichitha	esichithayo, esichitha	sichitha	asichithi	esingachithi	singachithi
Class 8	ziyachitha, zichitha	ezichithayo, ezichitha	zichitha	azichithi	ezingachithi	zingachithi
Class 9	iyachitha, ichitha	echithayo, echitha	ichitha	ayichithi	engachithi	ingachithi
Class 10	ziyachitha, zichitha	ezichithayo, ezichitha	zichitha	azichithi	ezingachithi	zingachithi
Class 11	luyachitha, luchitha	oluchithayo, oluchitha	luchitha	aluchithi	olungachithi	lungachithi
Class 14	buyachitha, buchitha	obuchithayo, obuchitha	buchitha	abuchithi	obungachithi	bungachithi
Class 15	kuyachitha, kuchitha	okuchithayo, okuchitha	kuchitha	akuchithi	okungachithi	kungachithi
Class 17	kuyachitha, kuchitha	okuchithayo, okuchitha	kuchitha	akuchithi	okungachithi	kungachithi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngichithile, ngichithē	engichithile, engichithē	ngichithile, ngichithē	angichithanga	engingachithanga	ngingachithanga
2nd singular	uchithile, uchithē	ochithile, ochithē	uchithile, uchithē	awuchithanga	ongachithanga	ungachithanga
1st plural	sichithile, sichithē	esichithile, esichithē	sichithile, sichithē	asichithanga	esingachithanga	singachithanga
2nd plural	nichithile, nichithē	enichithile, enichithē	nichithile, nichithē	anichithanga	eningachithanga	ningachithanga
Class 1	uchithile, uchithē	ochithile, ochithē	echithile, echithē	akachithanga	ongachithanga	engachithanga
Class 2	bachithile, bachithē	abachithile, abachithē	bechithile, bechithē	abachithanga	abangachithanga	bengachithanga
Class 3	uchithile, uchithē	ochithile, ochithē	uchithile, uchithē	awuchithanga	ongachithanga	ungachithanga
Class 4	ichithile, ichithē	echithile, echithē	ichithile, ichithē	ayichithanga	engachithanga	ingachithanga
Class 5	lichithile, lichithē	elichithile, elichithē	lichithile, lichithē	alichithanga	elingachithanga	lingachithanga
Class 6	achithile, achithē	achithile, achithē	echithile, echithē	awachithanga	angachithanga	engachithanga
Class 7	sichithile, sichithē	esichithile, esichithē	sichithile, sichithē	asichithanga	esingachithanga	singachithanga
Class 8	zichithile, zichithē	ezichithile, ezichithē	zichithile, zichithē	azichithanga	ezingachithanga	zingachithanga
Class 9	ichithile, ichithē	echithile, echithē	ichithile, ichithē	ayichithanga	engachithanga	ingachithanga
Class 10	zichithile, zichithē	ezichithile, ezichithē	zichithile, zichithē	azichithanga	ezingachithanga	zingachithanga
Class 11	luchithile, luchithē	oluchithile, oluchithē	luchithile, luchithē	aluchithanga	olungachithanga	lungachithanga
Class 14	buchithile, buchithē	obuchithile, obuchithē	buchithile, buchithē	abuchithanga	obungachithanga	bungachithanga
Class 15	kuchithile, kuchithē	okuchithile, okuchithē	kuchithile, kuchithē	akuchithanga	okungachithanga	kungachithanga
Class 17	kuchithile, kuchithē	okuchithile, okuchithē	kuchithile, kuchithē	akuchithanga	okungachithanga	kungachithanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāchitha	engāchitha	ngāchitha	angichithanga	engingachithanga	ngingachithanga
2nd singular	wāchitha	owāchitha	wāchitha	awuchithanga	ongachithanga	ungachithanga
1st plural	sāchitha	esāchitha	sāchitha	asichithanga	esingachithanga	singachithanga
2nd plural	nāchitha	enāchitha	nāchitha	anichithanga	eningachithanga	ningachithanga
Class 1	wāchitha	owāchitha	āchitha	akachithanga	ongachithanga	engachithanga
Class 2	bāchitha	abāchitha	bāchitha	abachithanga	abangachithanga	bengachithanga
Class 3	wāchitha	owāchitha	wāchitha	awuchithanga	ongachithanga	ungachithanga
Class 4	yāchitha	eyāchitha	yāchitha	ayichithanga	engachithanga	ingachithanga
Class 5	lāchitha	elāchitha	lāchitha	alichithanga	elingachithanga	lingachithanga
Class 6	āchitha	āchitha	āchitha	awachithanga	angachithanga	engachithanga
Class 7	sāchitha	esāchitha	sāchitha	asichithanga	esingachithanga	singachithanga
Class 8	zāchitha	ezāchitha	zāchitha	azichithanga	ezingachithanga	zingachithanga
Class 9	yāchitha	eyāchitha	yāchitha	ayichithanga	engachithanga	ingachithanga
Class 10	zāchitha	ezāchitha	zāchitha	azichithanga	ezingachithanga	zingachithanga
Class 11	lwāchitha	olwāchitha	lwāchitha	aluchithanga	olungachithanga	lungachithanga
Class 14	bāchitha	obāchitha	bāchitha	abuchithanga	obungachithanga	bungachithanga
Class 15	kwāchitha	okwāchitha	kwāchitha	akuchithanga	okungachithanga	kungachithanga
Class 17	kwāchitha	okwāchitha	kwāchitha	akuchithanga	okungachithanga	kungachithanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingachitha	—	ngingachitha	ngingechithe	—	ngingechithe
2nd singular	ungachitha	—	ungachitha	ungechithe	—	ungechithe
1st plural	singachitha	—	singachitha	singechithe	—	singechithe
2nd plural	ningachitha	—	ningachitha	ningechithe	—	ningechithe
Class 1	angachitha	—	engachitha	angechithe	—	engechithe
Class 2	bangachitha	—	bengachitha	bangechithe	—	bengechithe
Class 3	ungachitha	—	ungachitha	ungechithe	—	ungechithe
Class 4	ingachitha	—	ingachitha	ingechithe	—	ingechithe
Class 5	lingachitha	—	lingachitha	lingechithe	—	lingechithe
Class 6	angachitha	—	engachitha	angechithe	—	engechithe
Class 7	singachitha	—	singachitha	singechithe	—	singechithe
Class 8	zingachitha	—	zingachitha	zingechithe	—	zingechithe
Class 9	ingachitha	—	ingachitha	ingechithe	—	ingechithe
Class 10	zingachitha	—	zingachitha	zingechithe	—	zingechithe
Class 11	lungachitha	—	lungachitha	lungechithe	—	lungechithe
Class 14	bungachitha	—	bungachitha	bungechithe	—	bungechithe
Class 15	kungachitha	—	kungachitha	kungechithe	—	kungechithe
Class 17	kungachitha	—	kungachitha	kungechithe	—	kungechithe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizochitha	engizochitha	ngizochitha	angizuchitha	engingezuchitha	ngingezuchitha
2nd singular	uzochitha	ozochitha	uzochitha	awuzuchitha	ongezuchitha	ungezuchitha
1st plural	sizochitha	esizochitha	sizochitha	asizuchitha	esingezuchitha	singezuchitha
2nd plural	nizochitha	enizochitha	nizochitha	anizuchitha	eningezuchitha	ningezuchitha
Class 1	uzochitha	ozochitha	ezochitha	akazuchitha	ongezuchitha	engezuchitha
Class 2	bazochitha	abazochitha	bezochitha	abazuchitha	abangezuchitha	bengezuchitha
Class 3	uzochitha	ozochitha	uzochitha	awuzuchitha	ongezuchitha	ungezuchitha
Class 4	izochitha	ezochitha	izochitha	ayizuchitha	engezuchitha	ingezuchitha
Class 5	lizochitha	elizochitha	lizochitha	alizuchitha	elingezuchitha	lingezuchitha
Class 6	azochitha	azochitha	ezochitha	awazuchitha	angezuchitha	engezuchitha
Class 7	sizochitha	esizochitha	sizochitha	asizuchitha	esingezuchitha	singezuchitha
Class 8	zizochitha	ezizochitha	zizochitha	azizuchitha	ezingezuchitha	zingezuchitha
Class 9	izochitha	ezochitha	izochitha	ayizuchitha	engezuchitha	ingezuchitha
Class 10	zizochitha	ezizochitha	zizochitha	azizuchitha	ezingezuchitha	zingezuchitha
Class 11	luzochitha	oluzochitha	luzochitha	aluzuchitha	olungezuchitha	lungezuchitha
Class 14	buzochitha	obuzochitha	buzochitha	abuzuchitha	obungezuchitha	bungezuchitha
Class 15	kuzochitha	okuzochitha	kuzochitha	akuzuchitha	okungezuchitha	kungezuchitha
Class 17	kuzochitha	okuzochitha	kuzochitha	akuzuchitha	okungezuchitha	kungezuchitha
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyochitha	engiyochitha	ngiyochitha	angiyuchitha	engingeyuchitha	ngingeyuchitha
2nd singular	uyochitha	oyochitha	uyochitha	awuyuchitha	ongeyuchitha	ungeyuchitha
1st plural	siyochitha	esiyochitha	siyochitha	asiyuchitha	esingeyuchitha	singeyuchitha
2nd plural	niyochitha	eniyochitha	niyochitha	aniyuchitha	eningeyuchitha	ningeyuchitha
Class 1	uyochitha	oyochitha	eyochitha	akayuchitha	ongeyuchitha	engeyuchitha
Class 2	bayochitha	abayochitha	beyochitha	abayuchitha	abangeyuchitha	bengeyuchitha
Class 3	uyochitha	oyochitha	uyochitha	awuyuchitha	ongeyuchitha	ungeyuchitha
Class 4	iyochitha	eyochitha	iyochitha	ayiyuchitha	engeyuchitha	ingeyuchitha
Class 5	liyochitha	eliyochitha	liyochitha	aliyuchitha	elingeyuchitha	lingeyuchitha
Class 6	ayochitha	ayochitha	eyochitha	awayuchitha	angeyuchitha	engeyuchitha
Class 7	siyochitha	esiyochitha	siyochitha	asiyuchitha	esingeyuchitha	singeyuchitha
Class 8	ziyochitha	eziyochitha	ziyochitha	aziyuchitha	ezingeyuchitha	zingeyuchitha
Class 9	iyochitha	eyochitha	iyochitha	ayiyuchitha	engeyuchitha	ingeyuchitha
Class 10	ziyochitha	eziyochitha	ziyochitha	aziyuchitha	ezingeyuchitha	zingeyuchitha
Class 11	luyochitha	oluyochitha	luyochitha	aluyuchitha	olungeyuchitha	lungeyuchitha
Class 14	buyochitha	obuyochitha	buyochitha	abuyuchitha	obungeyuchitha	bungeyuchitha
Class 15	kuyochitha	okuyochitha	kuyochitha	akuyuchitha	okungeyuchitha	kungeyuchitha
Class 17	kuyochitha	okuyochitha	kuyochitha	akuyuchitha	okungeyuchitha	kungeyuchitha
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngichithe	ngingachithi
2nd singular	uchithe	ungachithi
1st plural	sichithe	singachithi
2nd plural	nichithe	ningachithi
Class 1	achithe	angachithi
Class 2	bachithe	bangachithi
Class 3	uchithe	ungachithi
Class 4	ichithe	ingachithi
Class 5	lichithe	lingachithi
Class 6	achithe	angachithi
Class 7	sichithe	singachithi
Class 8	zichithe	zingachithi
Class 9	ichithe	ingachithi
Class 10	zichithe	zingachithi
Class 11	luchithe	lungachithi
Class 14	buchithe	bungachithi
Class 15	kuchithe	kungachithi
Class 17	kuchithe	kungachithi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngachitha	ngangachitha, angachitha, angangachitha
2nd singular	wachitha	wangachitha, awachitha, awangachitha
1st plural	sachitha	sangachitha, asachitha, asangachitha
2nd plural	nachitha	nangachitha, anachitha, anangachitha
Class 1	wachitha	wangachitha, akachitha, akangachitha
Class 2	bachitha	bangachitha, abachitha, abangachitha
Class 3	wachitha	wangachitha, awachitha, awangachitha
Class 4	yachitha	yangachitha, ayachitha, ayangachitha
Class 5	lachitha	langachitha, alachitha, alangachitha
Class 6	achitha	angachitha, awachitha, awangachitha
Class 7	sachitha	sangachitha, asachitha, asangachitha
Class 8	zachitha	zangachitha, azachitha, azangachitha
Class 9	yachitha	yangachitha, ayachitha, ayangachitha
Class 10	zachitha	zangachitha, azachitha, azangachitha
Class 11	lwachitha	lwangachitha, alwachitha, alwangachitha
Class 14	bachitha	bangachitha, abachitha, abangachitha
Class 15	kwachitha	kwangachitha, akwachitha, akwangachitha
Class 17	kwachitha	kwangachitha, akwachitha, akwangachitha

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “chitha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “chitha (6.3)”