dywʾn'

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

Inscriptional Pahlavi:

• 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (dpywʾn', “dēwān”), 𐭣𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (dywʾn', “dēwān”)
• 𐫅𐫏𐫇𐫀𐫗 (dywʾn) — Manichaean

Etymology

From earlier *diβi-vān, from the adjective *dipi-vān- (“relating to documents”), from Old Persian *dipi-vahanam (“document house”), composed from 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (di-i-p-i /⁠dipi-⁠/, “inscription; document”) (from Elamite, from Akkadian 𒁾𒁍𒌝 (ṭuppum, “tablet, document, letter”), from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “clay tablet”), and *vahana- (“house”) (whence also Persian جا (jâ, “place”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell”). For the first component, compare Middle Persian 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭥 (dpywr /⁠dibīr⁠/) / dpyr' / dpywr' (dibīr, “scribe”), from Old Persian *dipī-var-.

For the reading, compare Old Armenian դիւան (diwan). The forms with ē (as opposed to ī) in Persian may have been a secondary pronunciation developed due to folk etymologies; see de Blois for more.

Noun

dywʾn' • (/dīwān, dēwān?/)

1. archive
2. collected writings

Descendants

• Persian: دیوان (divân, dêvân)
  • → Arabic: ديوان (dīwān)
    • Andalusian Arabic: ديوان (dīwān), *دوان (*duwān)
      • → Catalan: duana
      • → Portuguese: aduana
      • → Spanish: aduana
        • → Basque: aduana
        • → Hiligaynon: aduana
        • → Tagalog: adwana
        • → Waray-Waray: adwana
      • → Medieval Latin: doana, dogana, dovana
        • → Albanian: doganë
        • → Italian: dogana
        • → Old French: dohanne
          • Middle French: doana
            • French: douane
              • → Algerian Arabic: الدِّيوَانَة (ad_dīwāna)
              • → Dutch: douane
                • Afrikaans: doeane
                • → Indonesian: duane
                • → Papiamentu: doeana
              • → English: douane
          • Norman: douanne
  • → Azerbaijani: divan
  • → Bengali: দেওয়ান (deōẇan)
  • → Georgian: დივანი (divani), მდივანი (mdivani)
  • → Hindi: दीवान (dīvān)
    • → English: dewan
    • → Telugu: దివాను (divānu), దివాన్ (divān‌)
  • → Malay: dewan
    • Indonesian: dewan
  • → Ottoman Turkish: دیوان (dîvân)
    • Turkish: divan
    • → Azerbaijani: divan
    • → Czech: divan
    • → French: divan
      • → English: divan
      • → German: Diwan
      • → Portuguese: divã
    • → Greek: διβάνι (diváni), ντιβάνι (ntiváni)
    • → Hungarian: díván
    • → Italian: divano, diwan
    • → Middle Armenian: տիւան (tiwan)
      • Armenian: դիվան (divan)
    • → Polish: dywan
    • → Romanian: divan
    • → Russian: дива́н (diván)
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: дѝва̄н

      Latin script: dìvān

    • → Bulgarian: дива̀н (divàn)
    • → Spanish: diván
  • → Urdu: دیوان (dīvān)
  • → Zazaki: diwan
• → Old Armenian: դիւան (diwan)
  • Armenian: դիվան (divan)
• → Old Georgian: დივანი (divani)
  • Georgian: დივანი (divani)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “dēwān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 26
• de Blois, François (December 15, 1995) “DĪVĀN i. THE TERM”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York