gxuma

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gxuma^?

1. to jump

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Verb

-gxuma

1. to jump

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukugxuma
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugxuma	ukungagxumi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gxuma	-gxume
Plural	gxumani	-gxumeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagxuma, ngigxuma	engigxumayo, engigxuma	ngigxuma	angigxumi	engingagxumi	ngingagxumi
2nd singular	uyagxuma, ugxuma	ogxumayo, ogxuma	ugxuma	awugxumi	ongagxumi	ungagxumi
1st plural	siyagxuma, sigxuma	esigxumayo, esigxuma	sigxuma	asigxumi	esingagxumi	singagxumi
2nd plural	niyagxuma, nigxuma	enigxumayo, enigxuma	nigxuma	anigxumi	eningagxumi	ningagxumi
Class 1	uyagxuma, ugxuma	ogxumayo, ogxuma	egxuma	akagxumi	ongagxumi	engagxumi
Class 2	bayagxuma, bagxuma	abagxumayo, abagxuma	begxuma	abagxumi	abangagxumi	bengagxumi
Class 3	uyagxuma, ugxuma	ogxumayo, ogxuma	ugxuma	awugxumi	ongagxumi	ungagxumi
Class 4	iyagxuma, igxuma	egxumayo, egxuma	igxuma	ayigxumi	engagxumi	ingagxumi
Class 5	liyagxuma, ligxuma	eligxumayo, eligxuma	ligxuma	aligxumi	elingagxumi	lingagxumi
Class 6	ayagxuma, agxuma	agxumayo, agxuma	egxuma	awagxumi	angagxumi	engagxumi
Class 7	siyagxuma, sigxuma	esigxumayo, esigxuma	sigxuma	asigxumi	esingagxumi	singagxumi
Class 8	ziyagxuma, zigxuma	ezigxumayo, ezigxuma	zigxuma	azigxumi	ezingagxumi	zingagxumi
Class 9	iyagxuma, igxuma	egxumayo, egxuma	igxuma	ayigxumi	engagxumi	ingagxumi
Class 10	ziyagxuma, zigxuma	ezigxumayo, ezigxuma	zigxuma	azigxumi	ezingagxumi	zingagxumi
Class 11	luyagxuma, lugxuma	olugxumayo, olugxuma	lugxuma	alugxumi	olungagxumi	lungagxumi
Class 14	buyagxuma, bugxuma	obugxumayo, obugxuma	bugxuma	abugxumi	obungagxumi	bungagxumi
Class 15	kuyagxuma, kugxuma	okugxumayo, okugxuma	kugxuma	akugxumi	okungagxumi	kungagxumi
Class 17	kuyagxuma, kugxuma	okugxumayo, okugxuma	kugxuma	akugxumi	okungagxumi	kungagxumi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigxumile, ngigxumē	engigxumile, engigxumē	ngigxumile, ngigxumē	angigxumanga	engingagxumanga	ngingagxumanga
2nd singular	ugxumile, ugxumē	ogxumile, ogxumē	ugxumile, ugxumē	awugxumanga	ongagxumanga	ungagxumanga
1st plural	sigxumile, sigxumē	esigxumile, esigxumē	sigxumile, sigxumē	asigxumanga	esingagxumanga	singagxumanga
2nd plural	nigxumile, nigxumē	enigxumile, enigxumē	nigxumile, nigxumē	anigxumanga	eningagxumanga	ningagxumanga
Class 1	ugxumile, ugxumē	ogxumile, ogxumē	egxumile, egxumē	akagxumanga	ongagxumanga	engagxumanga
Class 2	bagxumile, bagxumē	abagxumile, abagxumē	begxumile, begxumē	abagxumanga	abangagxumanga	bengagxumanga
Class 3	ugxumile, ugxumē	ogxumile, ogxumē	ugxumile, ugxumē	awugxumanga	ongagxumanga	ungagxumanga
Class 4	igxumile, igxumē	egxumile, egxumē	igxumile, igxumē	ayigxumanga	engagxumanga	ingagxumanga
Class 5	ligxumile, ligxumē	eligxumile, eligxumē	ligxumile, ligxumē	aligxumanga	elingagxumanga	lingagxumanga
Class 6	agxumile, agxumē	agxumile, agxumē	egxumile, egxumē	awagxumanga	angagxumanga	engagxumanga
Class 7	sigxumile, sigxumē	esigxumile, esigxumē	sigxumile, sigxumē	asigxumanga	esingagxumanga	singagxumanga
Class 8	zigxumile, zigxumē	ezigxumile, ezigxumē	zigxumile, zigxumē	azigxumanga	ezingagxumanga	zingagxumanga
Class 9	igxumile, igxumē	egxumile, egxumē	igxumile, igxumē	ayigxumanga	engagxumanga	ingagxumanga
Class 10	zigxumile, zigxumē	ezigxumile, ezigxumē	zigxumile, zigxumē	azigxumanga	ezingagxumanga	zingagxumanga
Class 11	lugxumile, lugxumē	olugxumile, olugxumē	lugxumile, lugxumē	alugxumanga	olungagxumanga	lungagxumanga
Class 14	bugxumile, bugxumē	obugxumile, obugxumē	bugxumile, bugxumē	abugxumanga	obungagxumanga	bungagxumanga
Class 15	kugxumile, kugxumē	okugxumile, okugxumē	kugxumile, kugxumē	akugxumanga	okungagxumanga	kungagxumanga
Class 17	kugxumile, kugxumē	okugxumile, okugxumē	kugxumile, kugxumē	akugxumanga	okungagxumanga	kungagxumanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgxuma	engāgxuma	ngāgxuma	angigxumanga	engingagxumanga	ngingagxumanga
2nd singular	wāgxuma	owāgxuma	wāgxuma	awugxumanga	ongagxumanga	ungagxumanga
1st plural	sāgxuma	esāgxuma	sāgxuma	asigxumanga	esingagxumanga	singagxumanga
2nd plural	nāgxuma	enāgxuma	nāgxuma	anigxumanga	eningagxumanga	ningagxumanga
Class 1	wāgxuma	owāgxuma	āgxuma	akagxumanga	ongagxumanga	engagxumanga
Class 2	bāgxuma	abāgxuma	bāgxuma	abagxumanga	abangagxumanga	bengagxumanga
Class 3	wāgxuma	owāgxuma	wāgxuma	awugxumanga	ongagxumanga	ungagxumanga
Class 4	yāgxuma	eyāgxuma	yāgxuma	ayigxumanga	engagxumanga	ingagxumanga
Class 5	lāgxuma	elāgxuma	lāgxuma	aligxumanga	elingagxumanga	lingagxumanga
Class 6	āgxuma	āgxuma	āgxuma	awagxumanga	angagxumanga	engagxumanga
Class 7	sāgxuma	esāgxuma	sāgxuma	asigxumanga	esingagxumanga	singagxumanga
Class 8	zāgxuma	ezāgxuma	zāgxuma	azigxumanga	ezingagxumanga	zingagxumanga
Class 9	yāgxuma	eyāgxuma	yāgxuma	ayigxumanga	engagxumanga	ingagxumanga
Class 10	zāgxuma	ezāgxuma	zāgxuma	azigxumanga	ezingagxumanga	zingagxumanga
Class 11	lwāgxuma	olwāgxuma	lwāgxuma	alugxumanga	olungagxumanga	lungagxumanga
Class 14	bāgxuma	obāgxuma	bāgxuma	abugxumanga	obungagxumanga	bungagxumanga
Class 15	kwāgxuma	okwāgxuma	kwāgxuma	akugxumanga	okungagxumanga	kungagxumanga
Class 17	kwāgxuma	okwāgxuma	kwāgxuma	akugxumanga	okungagxumanga	kungagxumanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagxuma	—	ngingagxuma	ngingegxume	—	ngingegxume
2nd singular	ungagxuma	—	ungagxuma	ungegxume	—	ungegxume
1st plural	singagxuma	—	singagxuma	singegxume	—	singegxume
2nd plural	ningagxuma	—	ningagxuma	ningegxume	—	ningegxume
Class 1	angagxuma	—	engagxuma	angegxume	—	engegxume
Class 2	bangagxuma	—	bengagxuma	bangegxume	—	bengegxume
Class 3	ungagxuma	—	ungagxuma	ungegxume	—	ungegxume
Class 4	ingagxuma	—	ingagxuma	ingegxume	—	ingegxume
Class 5	lingagxuma	—	lingagxuma	lingegxume	—	lingegxume
Class 6	angagxuma	—	engagxuma	angegxume	—	engegxume
Class 7	singagxuma	—	singagxuma	singegxume	—	singegxume
Class 8	zingagxuma	—	zingagxuma	zingegxume	—	zingegxume
Class 9	ingagxuma	—	ingagxuma	ingegxume	—	ingegxume
Class 10	zingagxuma	—	zingagxuma	zingegxume	—	zingegxume
Class 11	lungagxuma	—	lungagxuma	lungegxume	—	lungegxume
Class 14	bungagxuma	—	bungagxuma	bungegxume	—	bungegxume
Class 15	kungagxuma	—	kungagxuma	kungegxume	—	kungegxume
Class 17	kungagxuma	—	kungagxuma	kungegxume	—	kungegxume
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogxuma	engizogxuma	ngizogxuma	angizugxuma	engingezugxuma	ngingezugxuma
2nd singular	uzogxuma	ozogxuma	uzogxuma	awuzugxuma	ongezugxuma	ungezugxuma
1st plural	sizogxuma	esizogxuma	sizogxuma	asizugxuma	esingezugxuma	singezugxuma
2nd plural	nizogxuma	enizogxuma	nizogxuma	anizugxuma	eningezugxuma	ningezugxuma
Class 1	uzogxuma	ozogxuma	ezogxuma	akazugxuma	ongezugxuma	engezugxuma
Class 2	bazogxuma	abazogxuma	bezogxuma	abazugxuma	abangezugxuma	bengezugxuma
Class 3	uzogxuma	ozogxuma	uzogxuma	awuzugxuma	ongezugxuma	ungezugxuma
Class 4	izogxuma	ezogxuma	izogxuma	ayizugxuma	engezugxuma	ingezugxuma
Class 5	lizogxuma	elizogxuma	lizogxuma	alizugxuma	elingezugxuma	lingezugxuma
Class 6	azogxuma	azogxuma	ezogxuma	awazugxuma	angezugxuma	engezugxuma
Class 7	sizogxuma	esizogxuma	sizogxuma	asizugxuma	esingezugxuma	singezugxuma
Class 8	zizogxuma	ezizogxuma	zizogxuma	azizugxuma	ezingezugxuma	zingezugxuma
Class 9	izogxuma	ezogxuma	izogxuma	ayizugxuma	engezugxuma	ingezugxuma
Class 10	zizogxuma	ezizogxuma	zizogxuma	azizugxuma	ezingezugxuma	zingezugxuma
Class 11	luzogxuma	oluzogxuma	luzogxuma	aluzugxuma	olungezugxuma	lungezugxuma
Class 14	buzogxuma	obuzogxuma	buzogxuma	abuzugxuma	obungezugxuma	bungezugxuma
Class 15	kuzogxuma	okuzogxuma	kuzogxuma	akuzugxuma	okungezugxuma	kungezugxuma
Class 17	kuzogxuma	okuzogxuma	kuzogxuma	akuzugxuma	okungezugxuma	kungezugxuma
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogxuma	engiyogxuma	ngiyogxuma	angiyugxuma	engingeyugxuma	ngingeyugxuma
2nd singular	uyogxuma	oyogxuma	uyogxuma	awuyugxuma	ongeyugxuma	ungeyugxuma
1st plural	siyogxuma	esiyogxuma	siyogxuma	asiyugxuma	esingeyugxuma	singeyugxuma
2nd plural	niyogxuma	eniyogxuma	niyogxuma	aniyugxuma	eningeyugxuma	ningeyugxuma
Class 1	uyogxuma	oyogxuma	eyogxuma	akayugxuma	ongeyugxuma	engeyugxuma
Class 2	bayogxuma	abayogxuma	beyogxuma	abayugxuma	abangeyugxuma	bengeyugxuma
Class 3	uyogxuma	oyogxuma	uyogxuma	awuyugxuma	ongeyugxuma	ungeyugxuma
Class 4	iyogxuma	eyogxuma	iyogxuma	ayiyugxuma	engeyugxuma	ingeyugxuma
Class 5	liyogxuma	eliyogxuma	liyogxuma	aliyugxuma	elingeyugxuma	lingeyugxuma
Class 6	ayogxuma	ayogxuma	eyogxuma	awayugxuma	angeyugxuma	engeyugxuma
Class 7	siyogxuma	esiyogxuma	siyogxuma	asiyugxuma	esingeyugxuma	singeyugxuma
Class 8	ziyogxuma	eziyogxuma	ziyogxuma	aziyugxuma	ezingeyugxuma	zingeyugxuma
Class 9	iyogxuma	eyogxuma	iyogxuma	ayiyugxuma	engeyugxuma	ingeyugxuma
Class 10	ziyogxuma	eziyogxuma	ziyogxuma	aziyugxuma	ezingeyugxuma	zingeyugxuma
Class 11	luyogxuma	oluyogxuma	luyogxuma	aluyugxuma	olungeyugxuma	lungeyugxuma
Class 14	buyogxuma	obuyogxuma	buyogxuma	abuyugxuma	obungeyugxuma	bungeyugxuma
Class 15	kuyogxuma	okuyogxuma	kuyogxuma	akuyugxuma	okungeyugxuma	kungeyugxuma
Class 17	kuyogxuma	okuyogxuma	kuyogxuma	akuyugxuma	okungeyugxuma	kungeyugxuma
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigxume	ngingagxumi
2nd singular	ugxume	ungagxumi
1st plural	sigxume	singagxumi
2nd plural	nigxume	ningagxumi
Class 1	agxume	angagxumi
Class 2	bagxume	bangagxumi
Class 3	ugxume	ungagxumi
Class 4	igxume	ingagxumi
Class 5	ligxume	lingagxumi
Class 6	agxume	angagxumi
Class 7	sigxume	singagxumi
Class 8	zigxume	zingagxumi
Class 9	igxume	ingagxumi
Class 10	zigxume	zingagxumi
Class 11	lugxume	lungagxumi
Class 14	bugxume	bungagxumi
Class 15	kugxume	kungagxumi
Class 17	kugxume	kungagxumi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagxuma	ngangagxuma, angagxuma, angangagxuma
2nd singular	wagxuma	wangagxuma, awagxuma, awangagxuma
1st plural	sagxuma	sangagxuma, asagxuma, asangagxuma
2nd plural	nagxuma	nangagxuma, anagxuma, anangagxuma
Class 1	wagxuma	wangagxuma, akagxuma, akangagxuma
Class 2	bagxuma	bangagxuma, abagxuma, abangagxuma
Class 3	wagxuma	wangagxuma, awagxuma, awangagxuma
Class 4	yagxuma	yangagxuma, ayagxuma, ayangagxuma
Class 5	lagxuma	langagxuma, alagxuma, alangagxuma
Class 6	agxuma	angagxuma, awagxuma, awangagxuma
Class 7	sagxuma	sangagxuma, asagxuma, asangagxuma
Class 8	zagxuma	zangagxuma, azagxuma, azangagxuma
Class 9	yagxuma	yangagxuma, ayagxuma, ayangagxuma
Class 10	zagxuma	zangagxuma, azagxuma, azangagxuma
Class 11	lwagxuma	lwangagxuma, alwagxuma, alwangagxuma
Class 14	bagxuma	bangagxuma, abagxuma, abangagxuma
Class 15	kwagxuma	kwangagxuma, akwagxuma, akwangagxuma
Class 17	kwagxuma	kwangagxuma, akwagxuma, akwangagxuma

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gxuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gxuma (6.3)”