juger

See also: iuger

English

Alternative forms

• jugerum

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin iūger, variant of iūgerum.

Noun

juger (plural jugers)

1. (historical units of measure) A Roman unit of area, equivalent to 2 acti or 28,800 square feet (about ¼ ha).

Meronyms

• actus (½ juger)

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French juger, from Latin iūdicāre (“pass judgement”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒy.ʒe/

• audio

  (file)

Verb

juger

1. (law) to judge, to try
2. (in general) to judge, to deem

   Ne savez-vous pas que nous jugerons les anges?

   Do you not know that we will judge angels?

   juger quelqu'un sur les apparences

   judge someone on appearances

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written juge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of juger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	juger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	jugeant /ʒy.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		jugé /ʒy.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	juge /ʒyʒ/	juges /ʒyʒ/	juge /ʒyʒ/	jugeons /ʒy.ʒɔ̃/	jugez /ʒy.ʒe/	jugent /ʒyʒ/
	imperfect	jugeais /ʒy.ʒɛ/	jugeais /ʒy.ʒɛ/	jugeait /ʒy.ʒɛ/	jugions /ʒy.ʒjɔ̃/	jugiez /ʒy.ʒje/	jugeaient /ʒy.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	jugeai /ʒy.ʒe/	jugeas /ʒy.ʒa/	jugea /ʒy.ʒa/	jugeâmes /ʒy.ʒam/	jugeâtes /ʒy.ʒat/	jugèrent /ʒy.ʒɛʁ/
	future	jugerai /ʒyʒ.ʁe/	jugeras /ʒyʒ.ʁa/	jugera /ʒyʒ.ʁa/	jugerons /ʒyʒ.ʁɔ̃/	jugerez /ʒyʒ.ʁe/	jugeront /ʒyʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	jugerais /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/	jugerais /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/	jugerait /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/	jugerions /ʒy.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	jugeriez /ʒy.ʒə.ʁje/	jugeraient /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	juge /ʒyʒ/	juges /ʒyʒ/	juge /ʒyʒ/	jugions /ʒy.ʒjɔ̃/	jugiez /ʒy.ʒje/	jugent /ʒyʒ/
	imperfect2	jugeasse /ʒy.ʒas/	jugeasses /ʒy.ʒas/	jugeât /ʒy.ʒa/	jugeassions /ʒy.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	jugeassiez /ʒy.ʒa.sje/	jugeassent /ʒy.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	juge /ʒyʒ/	—	jugeons /ʒy.ʒɔ̃/	jugez /ʒy.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• chose jugée

Related terms

• juge
• jugement

Further reading

• “juger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯uː.ɡer/, [ˈi̯uːɡɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈju.d͡ʒer/, [ˈjuːd͡ʒer]

Noun

jūger n (genitive jūgeris); third declension

1. Alternative form of iūger

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	jūger	jūgera
Genitive	jūgeris	jūgerum
Dative	jūgerī	jūgeribus
Accusative	jūger	jūgera
Ablative	jūgere	jūgeribus
Vocative	jūger	jūgera