kļūt
Latvian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Baltic *kļūti,[1] from *klʲū-, from the reduced grade *klʲū- of *klew-, *klū-, from the stem *kel- (“to bend”) (whence also kļaut (“to hug, to press against one's heart”) and kļūda (“error, mistake”)), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei, from Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”).
The semantic change was probably “to bend, to be bent” > “to get stuck, to stay (somewhere)” > “to stay, get (somewhere)” > “to become.” Cognates include Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to catch, to be caught, delayed; to undertake; to hit (target); to disturb, to be an obstacle; to obtain, to get, to reach”) and Proto-Slavic *kľuti (“to peck, to bite”).
Pronunciation[edit]
| (file) |
Verb[edit]
kļūt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present kļūstu, kļūsti, kļūst, past kļuvu)
- to become
Conjugation[edit]
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | kļūstu | kļuvu | kļūšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | kļūsti | kļuvi | kļūsi | kļūsti |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | kļūst | kļuva | kļūs | lai kļūst |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | kļūstam | kļuvām | kļūsim | kļūsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | kļūstat | kļuvāt | kļūsiet, kļūsit |
kļūstiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | kļūst | kļuva | kļūs | lai kļūst |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | kļūstot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | kļūstošs | ||
| Past | esot kļuvis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | kļūdams | ||
| Future | kļūšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | kļūstot | ||
| Imperative | lai kļūstot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | kļūstam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | kļuvis | |||
| Present | kļūtu | Present Passive | kļūstams | ||
| Past | būtu kļuvis | Past Passive | kļūts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jākļūst | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | kļūt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jākļūst | Negative Infinitive | nekļūt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jākļūstot | Verbal noun | kļūšana | ||
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- prefixed verbs:
References[edit]
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kļūt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian intransitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -ūt
- Latvian -st-/-v- type first conjugation verbs