kangistaa

Finnish

Etymology

kankea (“stiff, stale”) +‎ -istaa (factitive aspect)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑŋːistɑːˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝ŋːis̠tɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑŋːistɑː
• Syllabification^(key): kan‧gis‧taa

Verb

kangistaa

1. (transitive) to stiffen (to make stiff)

Conjugation

Inflection of kangistaa (Kotus type 53/muistaa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kangistan	en kangista	1st sing.	olen kangistanut	en ole kangistanut
2nd sing.		kangistat	et kangista	2nd sing.	olet kangistanut	et ole kangistanut
3rd sing.		kangistaa	ei kangista	3rd sing.	on kangistanut	ei ole kangistanut
1st plur.		kangistamme	emme kangista	1st plur.	olemme kangistaneet	emme ole kangistaneet
2nd plur.		kangistatte	ette kangista	2nd plur.	olette kangistaneet	ette ole kangistaneet
3rd plur.		kangistavat	eivät kangista	3rd plur.	ovat kangistaneet	eivät ole kangistaneet
passive		kangistetaan	ei kangisteta	passive	on kangistettu	ei ole kangistettu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kangistin	en kangistanut	1st sing.	olin kangistanut	en ollut kangistanut
2nd sing.		kangistit	et kangistanut	2nd sing.	olit kangistanut	et ollut kangistanut
3rd sing.		kangisti	ei kangistanut	3rd sing.	oli kangistanut	ei ollut kangistanut
1st plur.		kangistimme	emme kangistaneet	1st plur.	olimme kangistaneet	emme olleet kangistaneet
2nd plur.		kangistitte	ette kangistaneet	2nd plur.	olitte kangistaneet	ette olleet kangistaneet
3rd plur.		kangistivat	eivät kangistaneet	3rd plur.	olivat kangistaneet	eivät olleet kangistaneet
passive		kangistettiin	ei kangistettu	passive	oli kangistettu	ei ollut kangistettu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kangistaisin	en kangistaisi	1st sing.	olisin kangistanut	en olisi kangistanut
2nd sing.		kangistaisit	et kangistaisi	2nd sing.	olisit kangistanut	et olisi kangistanut
3rd sing.		kangistaisi	ei kangistaisi	3rd sing.	olisi kangistanut	ei olisi kangistanut
1st plur.		kangistaisimme	emme kangistaisi	1st plur.	olisimme kangistaneet	emme olisi kangistaneet
2nd plur.		kangistaisitte	ette kangistaisi	2nd plur.	olisitte kangistaneet	ette olisi kangistaneet
3rd plur.		kangistaisivat	eivät kangistaisi	3rd plur.	olisivat kangistaneet	eivät olisi kangistaneet
passive		kangistettaisiin	ei kangistettaisi	passive	olisi kangistettu	ei olisi kangistettu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		kangista	älä kangista	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		kangistakoon	älköön kangistako	3rd sing.	olkoon kangistanut	älköön olko kangistanut
1st plur.		kangistakaamme	älkäämme kangistako	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		kangistakaa	älkää kangistako	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		kangistakoot	älkööt kangistako	3rd plur.	olkoot kangistaneet	älkööt olko kangistaneet
passive		kangistettakoon	älköön kangistettako	passive	olkoon kangistettu	älköön olko kangistettu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kangistanen	en kangistane	1st sing.	lienen kangistanut	en liene kangistanut
2nd sing.		kangistanet	et kangistane	2nd sing.	lienet kangistanut	et liene kangistanut
3rd sing.		kangistanee	ei kangistane	3rd sing.	lienee kangistanut	ei liene kangistanut
1st plur.		kangistanemme	emme kangistane	1st plur.	lienemme kangistaneet	emme liene kangistaneet
2nd plur.		kangistanette	ette kangistane	2nd plur.	lienette kangistaneet	ette liene kangistaneet
3rd plur.		kangistanevat	eivät kangistane	3rd plur.	lienevät kangistaneet	eivät liene kangistaneet
passive		kangistettaneen	ei kangistettane	passive	lienee kangistettu	ei liene kangistettu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		kangistaa		present	kangistava	kangistettava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kangistaakseni kangistaaksemme 2nd kangistaaksesi kangistaaksenne 3rd kangistaakseen kangistaaksensa		past	kangistanut	kangistettu
2nd	inessive2	kangistaessa	kangistettaessa	agent3	kangistama
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kangistaessani kangistaessamme 2nd kangistaessasi kangistaessanne 3rd kangistaessaan kangistaessansa		negative	kangistamaton
	instructive	kangistaen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). * The third-person singular indicative form kangistaa does not exhibit final gemination, unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd	inessive	kangistamassa	—
	elative	kangistamasta	—
	illative	kangistamaan	—
	adessive	kangistamalla	—
	abessive	kangistamatta	—
	instructive	kangistaman	kangistettaman
4th4	verbal noun	kangistaminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kangistamaisillani kangistamaisillamme 2nd kangistamaisillasi kangistamaisillanne 3rd kangistamaisillaan kangistamaisillansa

Derived terms

• kangistua
• kangistuttaa

 

Related terms

• kangistua (intransitive)

Further reading

• “kangistaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02