kiken

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkikɛn]
• Hyphenation: ki‧ken
• Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

ki- (“out; fully”) +‎ ken (“smear”)

Verb

kiken

1. (transitive) to grease

Conjugation

conjugation of kiken

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kikenek	kikensz	kiken	kikenünk	kikentek	kikennek
		Def.	kikenem	kikened	kikeni	kikenjük	kikenitek	kikenik
		2nd-p. o.	kikenlek	―
	Past	Indef.	kikentem	kikentél	kikent	kikentünk	kikentetek	kikentek
		Def.	kikentem	kikented	kikente	kikentük	kikentétek	kikenték
		2nd-p. o.	kikentelek	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ki fog kenni.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	kikenék	kikenél	kikene	kikenénk	kikenétek	kikenének
		Def.	kikeném	kikenéd	kikené	kikenénk	kikenétek	kikenék
		2nd-p. o.	kikenélek	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kiken vala, kikent vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	kikenendek	kikenendesz	kikenend	kikenendünk	kikenendetek	kikenendenek
		Def.	kikenendem	kikenended	kikenendi	kikenendjük	kikenenditek	kikenendik
		2nd-p. o.	kikenendelek	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kikennék	kikennél	kikenne	kikennénk	kikennétek	kikennének
		Def.	kikenném	kikennéd	kikenné	kikennénk (or kikennők)	kikennétek	kikennék
		2nd-p. o.	kikennélek	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kikent volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kikenjek	kikenj or kikenjél	kikenjen	kikenjünk	kikenjetek	kikenjenek
		Def.	kikenjem	kikend or kikenjed	kikenje	kikenjük	kikenjétek	kikenjék
		2nd-p. o.	kikenjelek	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kikent légyen
Infinitive	kikenni		kikennem	kikenned	kikennie	kikennünk	kikennetek	kikenniük
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	kikenés		kikenő	kikent	kikenendő	kikenve (kikenvén)		kikenet
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ken ki or ki is ken.

potential conjugation of kiken

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kikenhetek	kikenhetsz	kikenhet	kikenhetünk	kikenhettek	kikenhetnek
		Def.	kikenhetem	kikenheted	kikenheti	kikenhetjük	kikenhetitek	kikenhetik
		2nd-p. o.	kikenhetlek	―
	Past	Indef.	kikenhettem	kikenhettél	kikenhetett	kikenhettünk	kikenhettetek	kikenhettek
		Def.	kikenhettem	kikenhetted	kikenhette	kikenhettük	kikenhettétek	kikenhették
		2nd-p. o.	kikenhettelek	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	kikenheték	kikenhetél	kikenhete	kikenheténk	kikenhetétek	kikenhetének
		Def.	kikenhetém	kikenhetéd	kikenheté	kikenheténk	kikenhetétek	kikenheték
		2nd-p. o.	kikenhetélek	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kikenhet vala, kikenhetett vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	kikenhetendek or kikenandhatok	kikenhetendesz or kikenandhatsz	kikenhetend or kikenandhat	kikenhetendünk or kikenandhatunk	kikenhetendetek or kikenandhattok	kikenhetendenek or kikenandhatnak
		Def.	kikenhetendem or kikenandhatom	kikenhetended or kikenandhatod	kikenhetendi or kikenandhatja	kikenhetendjük or kikenandhatjuk	kikenhetenditek or kikenandhatjátok	kikenhetendik or kikenandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	kikenhetendelek or kikenandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kikenhetnék	kikenhetnél	kikenhetne	kikenhetnénk	kikenhetnétek	kikenhetnének
		Def.	kikenhetném	kikenhetnéd	kikenhetné	kikenhetnénk (or kikenhetnők)	kikenhetnétek	kikenhetnék
		2nd-p. o.	kikenhetnélek	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kikenhetett volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kikenhessek	kikenhess or kikenhessél	kikenhessen	kikenhessünk	kikenhessetek	kikenhessenek
		Def.	kikenhessem	kikenhesd or kikenhessed	kikenhesse	kikenhessük	kikenhessétek	kikenhessék
		2nd-p. o.	kikenhesselek	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kikenhetett légyen
Inf.	(kikenhetni)		(kikenhetnem)	(kikenhetned)	(kikenhetnie)	(kikenhetnünk)	(kikenhetnetek)	(kikenhetniük)
Positive adjective			kikenhető	Neg. adj.	kikenhetetlen	Adv. part.	(kikenhetve / kikenhetvén)
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem kenhet ki or ki is kenhet.

Etymology 2

ki +‎ -k +‎ -en

Pronoun

kiken

1. superessive plural of ki

Further reading

• kiken in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Japanese

Romanization

kiken

1. Rōmaji transcription of きけん

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *kīkan, from Proto-West Germanic *kīkan (“to look, peep”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkiːkən/

Verb

kiken

1. to look, to direct the eyes

Inflection

Strong class 1
Infinitive	kiken
3rd sg. past	kêec
3rd pl. past	kēken
Past participle	gekēken
Infinitive	kiken
In genitive	kikens
In dative	kikene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	kike	kêec
2nd singular	kijcs, kikes	kēecs, kēkes
3rd singular	kijct, kiket	kêec
1st plural	kiken	kēken
2nd plural	kijct, kiket	kēect, kēket
3rd plural	kiken	kēken
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	kike	kēke
2nd singular	kijcs, kikes	kēkes
3rd singular	kike	kēke
1st plural	kiken	kēken
2nd plural	kijct, kiket	kēket
3rd plural	kiken	kēken
Imperative	Present
Singular	kijc, kike
Plural	kijct, kiket
	Present	Past
Participle	kikende	gekēken

Descendants

• Dutch: kijken
  • Afrikaans: kyk
• Limburgish: kieke

Further reading

• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “kiken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Alternative forms

• keken

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kiken. Related to Scots keek, West Frisian kytse, Dutch kijken, Swedish kika, Icelandic kíkja.

Verb

kiken (third-person singular simple present kiketh, present participle kikende, kikynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle kiked)

1. to look steadfastly, spy, gaze
   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

     This Nicholas sat ever gaping upright, / As he had kyked on the newe mone.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

• “kiken, v.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “kyke”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.