lepns
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Latvian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From lept, now usually izlept (“to become spoiled, pampered”), with an extra -n, from Proto-Baltic *lep-, from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to bark, to slice, to strip, to split”). The semantic development probably was: “to bark, to strip, to slice” > “(thin) strip, piece (of bark)” > “thin, weak, fragile” > “spoiled, pampered” > “choosy, picky” > “proud, conceited.” Cognates include Lithuanian lepnùs (“fastidious, choosy; weak, fragile; arrogant, proud”), Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós, “peeled, pared, thin, delicate; weak, sick”) (from Ancient Greek λέπειν (lépein, “to bark, to peel”)), Latin lepidus (“charming, witty; effeminate, pampered”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
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Adjective[edit]
lepns (definite lepnais, comparative lepnāks, superlative vislepnākais, adverb lepni)
- proud, haughty (showing self-awareness in one's behavior, actions, talk; showing feelings of high self-esteem, of superiority to others)
- lepna meitene ― proud girl
- citu kuģu vīri sprieda, ka jaunais kapteinis esot pārlieku lepns ― the men from the other boats thought that the new captain was too proud, haughty
- Mārtiņš bija tik laimīgs un lepns, it kā vai zirgu dabūjis uzdāvinātu ― Mārtiņš was so happy and proud, as if he had gotten a gift horse
- proud, haughty (expressing such feelings)
- lepna gaita ― proud walk, gait
- lepns skatiens ― proud look, glance
- svinīgs un lepns izskats ― solemn and proud look, appearance
- proud (satisfied, happy about something, someone)
- būt lepnam par saviem dēliem ― to be proud of one's sons
- haughty, conceited, arrogant; expressing such feelings
- lepns kā pāvs ― proud as a peacock
- lepns, uzpūtīgs un lielīgs pret saviem apakšniekiem, barons atzina savus kārtas biedru pārākumu ― haughty, arrogant and boastful to his underlings, the baron recognized the superiority of the members of his social class
- es skatos, ka esi bagāts kļuvis; tā vien, ka nekļūsti vēl arī lepns ― I see that you have become rich; just don't become also proud
- proud, elegant, splendid (well, luxuriously dressed; outstanding among others in society)
- zem egles sēž Žoržs, Einis, Kārlis un vēl viens lepns pilsonis ― under the spruce tree sat Žoržs, Einis, Kārlis and another proud, elegant citizen
- rich, wealthy, luxurious, expensive (showing, characterized by, wealth, prosperity)
- lepna dzīve ― wealthy, luxurious life
- lepnas kāzas ― luxurious wedding
- lepna istabas iekārta ― luxurious room furniture
- lepna vāze ― luxurious, expensive vase
- “māja tev, Līze, tagad ir lepna”, mana māte sacīja Grāvītienei, kad mēs gājām cauri tai bagātībai ― “your house, Līze, is now luxurious, rich,” my mother said, while we went through those riches
- (of animals) proud, stately, powerful
- lepns kumeļš ― proud colt
- lepni zirgi ― proud, stately horses
Declension[edit]
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of lepns
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | lepns | lepni | lepna | lepnas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | lepnu | lepnus | lepnu | lepnas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | lepna | lepnu | lepnas | lepnu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | lepnam | lepniem | lepnai | lepnām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | lepnu | lepniem | lepnu | lepnām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | lepnā | lepnos | lepnā | lepnās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms[edit]
- (of "haughty", "arrogant"): iedomīgs, uzpūtīgs, augstprātīgs
- (of "proud", "stately"): stalts
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “lepns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN