nḏ

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nd"

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: nedj

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to inquire, to ask

Inflection

Conjugation of nḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: nḏ, geminated stem: nḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
nḏ	nḏw, nḏ	nḏt	nḏ, j.nḏ	nḏ, j.nḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
nḏ	ḥr nḏ	m nḏ	r nḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	nḏ.n	nḏw, nḏ	consecutive	nḏ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	nḏt
perfective3	nḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	nḏ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	nḏ, j.nḏ1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	nḏ	nḏḏ	potentialis1	nḏ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	nḏ, j.nḏ1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	nḏ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	nḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	nḏ	nḏḏ, nḏḏj6, nḏ2, nḏw2 5, nḏy2 5
imperfective	j.nḏ1, nḏ, nḏy, nḏw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.nḏ1, j.nḏw1 5, nḏ, nḏj6, nḏy6	nḏ, nḏw5
prospective	nḏ, nḏtj7	—	nḏtj4, nḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nḏ  

nḏ

Derived terms

• j.nḏ ḥr
• nḏnḏ
• nḏ r
• nḏt-ḥr

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to protect, to preserve, to save

Inflection

Conjugation of nḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: nḏ, geminated stem: nḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
nḏ	nḏw, nḏ	nḏt	nḏ, j.nḏ	nḏ, j.nḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
nḏ	ḥr nḏ	m nḏ	r nḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	nḏ.n	nḏw, nḏ	consecutive	nḏ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	nḏt
perfective3	nḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	nḏ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	nḏ, j.nḏ1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	nḏ	nḏḏ	potentialis1	nḏ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	nḏ, j.nḏ1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	nḏ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	nḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	nḏ	nḏḏ, nḏḏj6, nḏ2, nḏw2 5, nḏy2 5
imperfective	j.nḏ1, nḏ, nḏy, nḏw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.nḏ1, j.nḏw1 5, nḏ, nḏj6, nḏy6	nḏ, nḏw5
prospective	nḏ, nḏtj7	—	nḏtj4, nḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• ḥr-nḏ-jt.f

Noun

 m

1. flour

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nḏ  

nḏw

[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲧ (naeit)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲱⲓⲧ (nōit)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲏⲧ (naēt), ⲛⲁⲓⲧ (nait)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲧ (noeit)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 370.16–371.14, 374.2–374.14
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 143
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 257, 339.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 163