verno

See also: верно

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvɛr.no/
• Rhymes: -ɛrno
• Hyphenation: vèr‧no

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin vē̆rnus.

Adjective

verno (feminine verna, masculine plural verni, feminine plural verne)

1. (literary, rare, relational) spring (season); vernal, springly

   Synonym: primaverile

   • c. 1477, Lorenzo de' Medici, “Si rinnovano nel petto a quando a quando le fiamme d’amore”, in Rime, collected in Opere, published 1913:

     Come di tempo in tempo verdi piante
     pel verno sole e pel terrestre umore
     producon altre fronde e nuovo fiore,
     quando la terra prende altro sembiante

     Just like every now and then the green plants, due to the vernal sun and the earth's humidity, give birth to new fronds and new blossoms when the earth changes its appearance

Related terms

• primavera
• vernare

 

Further reading

• verno¹ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

Shortened form of inverno (“winter”).

Noun

verno m (plural verni) (poetic)

1. winter

   Synonym: inverno

   • 13^th c., Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise On Agriculture]‎^[1], translation of Opus ruralium commodorum libri Ⅻ by Pietro De' Crescenzi, published 1605, page 145:

     Ed è un'altra maniera d'uva nera, ch'è detta paterniga, che grossi, e spessi grappoli fa, che molte uve produce, e vin grosso, per lo verno dilettevole

     And there is another variety of grapes, called paterniga, which makes large, thick bunches, producing many grapes, and thick wine, nice for the winter

   • mid 1300s–mid 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXXII”, in Inferno [Hell]‎^[2], lines 25–28; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[3], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     Non fece al corso suo sì grosso velo
     di verno la Danoia in Osterlicchi,
     né Tanaï là sotto 'l freddo cielo,
     com'era quivi […]

     Along its course, the Danube in Austria during the winter never made such a thick crust as there was here, nor did the Don there, under the cold sky

   • 1374, Francesco Petrarca, “Passa la nave mia colma d'obblio”, in Il Canzoniere‎^[4], Florence: Andrea Bettini, published 1858, page 191, lines 1–3:

     Passa la nave mia colma d'obblio
     Per aspro mare a mezza notte il verno
     infra Scilla e Cariddi […]

     My ship, full of oblivion, sails through the rough sea at midnight in winter, under Scylla and Charybdis

   • 16^th c., Luigi Alamanni, “Libro Ⅰ. Esordio e dedicazione del poema. Lavori di primavera”, in Della coltivazione‎^[5], collected in La coltivazione di Luigi Alamanni ed altre opere, Venice: Vitarelli, published 1812, page 13, lines 1–4:

     Che deggia, quando il sol rallunga il giorno,
     Oprar il buon cultor nei campi suoi;
     Quel che deggia l’estate, e quel che poscia
     Al pomifero autunno, al freddo verno

     What the good farmer is to do in his fields, when the Sun prolongs the day; what he is [to do] in Summer, and what [he is to do] afterwards in the fruit-bearing Autumn, in the cold Winter

2. cold, frost

   Synonyms: (literary) algore, freddo, gelo

   • early-mid 1310s–mid 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto IV”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory]‎^[6], lines 79–81; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[7], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     'l mezzo cerchio del moto superno,
     che si chiama Equatore in alcun' arte,
     e che sempre riman tra 'l sole e 'l verno

     The median circle of the celestial movement, which is called equator in an art [astronomy], and which always stays between the Sun and the cold

   • 16^th c., Giovanni Della Casa, “Son. ⅩⅩⅩⅦ [Sonnet 37]”, in Rime di M. Giovanni della Casa‎^[8], collected in Opere di Monsig. Giovanni della Casa con una copiosa giunta di scritture non più stampate, Florence: Giuseppe Manni, published 1707, page 22:

     Che 'l foco lor […]
     Non ombra, o pioggia, e non fontana, o fiume
     Ne verno allentar pò d' alpestri monti

     Because no shade, or rain, nor spring, or river, nor frost from harsh mountains can weaken their fire

   • 1827, Ugo Foscolo, Le grazie‎^[9], Felice Le Monnier, published 1848, page 26, lines 300–304:

     […] come quando esce un'Erinni
     A gioir delle terre arse dal verno,
     Maligna, e lava le sue membra a' fonti
     Dell'Islanda esecrati, ove più occulte
     Fuman sulfuree l'acque […]

     As when a Fury comes out, rejoicing for the lands desiccated by the frost, malignant, and washes its limbs in the loathed springs of Iceland, where more secretly the waters smoke sulfurous

3. storm

   Synonyms: burrasca, (literary) procella, tempesta

   • 1516, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto decimonono [Nineteenth canto]”, in Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎^[10], Venice: Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, page 85:

     […] spezza e fracassa
     L'onda nimica,e'l vento ogn'hor piu fiero;
     Se parte ritta il verno pur ne lassa

     The hostile wave breaks and tears, and the ever-stronger wind, if the storm leaves any part of it standing

   • 1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎^[11], Erasmo Viotti, Canto 13, page 307:

     Perche repente, à pena tocco, sparve
     Quel simulacro: e giunse un nuvol denso:
     Che portò notte, e verno […]

     Because immediately, as soon as it was touched, that image disappeared, and a thick cloud came, bringing darkness and storm

Derived terms

• svernare
• vernare
• vernino

 

Further reading

• verno² in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

verno

1. first-person singular present indicative of vernare

Anagrams

• nervo, nevro-

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯eːr.noː/, [ˈu̯eːrnoː] or IPA^(key): /ˈu̯er.noː/, [ˈu̯ɛrnoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈver.no/, [ˈvɛrno]

Etymology 1

From vernus (“springlike”) +‎ -āre (verb-forming suffix), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.

Verb

vē̆rnō (present infinitive vē̆rnāre, perfect active vē̆rnāvī, supine vē̆rnātum); first conjugation

1. to be verdant; to spring, bloom

   Synonym: vireō

2. to flourish; to be lively, vigorous

   Synonym: vireō

Conjugation

Conjugation of vē̆rnō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	vē̆rnō	vē̆rnās	vē̆rnat	vē̆rnāmus	vē̆rnātis	vē̆rnant
	imperfect	vē̆rnābam	vē̆rnābās	vē̆rnābat	vē̆rnābāmus	vē̆rnābātis	vē̆rnābant
	future	vē̆rnābō	vē̆rnābis	vē̆rnābit	vē̆rnābimus	vē̆rnābitis	vē̆rnābunt
	perfect	vē̆rnāvī	vē̆rnāvistī	vē̆rnāvit	vē̆rnāvimus	vē̆rnāvistis	vē̆rnāvērunt, vē̆rnāvēre
	pluperfect	vē̆rnāveram	vē̆rnāverās	vē̆rnāverat	vē̆rnāverāmus	vē̆rnāverātis	vē̆rnāverant
	future perfect	vē̆rnāverō	vē̆rnāveris	vē̆rnāverit	vē̆rnāverimus	vē̆rnāveritis	vē̆rnāverint
passive	present	vē̆rnor	vē̆rnāris, vē̆rnāre	vē̆rnātur	vē̆rnāmur	vē̆rnāminī	vē̆rnantur
	imperfect	vē̆rnābar	vē̆rnābāris, vē̆rnābāre	vē̆rnābātur	vē̆rnābāmur	vē̆rnābāminī	vē̆rnābantur
	future	vē̆rnābor	vē̆rnāberis, vē̆rnābere	vē̆rnābitur	vē̆rnābimur	vē̆rnābiminī	vē̆rnābuntur
	perfect	vē̆rnātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	vē̆rnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	vē̆rnātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	vē̆rnem	vē̆rnēs	vē̆rnet	vē̆rnēmus	vē̆rnētis	vē̆rnent
	imperfect	vē̆rnārem	vē̆rnārēs	vē̆rnāret	vē̆rnārēmus	vē̆rnārētis	vē̆rnārent
	perfect	vē̆rnāverim	vē̆rnāverīs	vē̆rnāverit	vē̆rnāverīmus	vē̆rnāverītis	vē̆rnāverint
	pluperfect	vē̆rnāvissem	vē̆rnāvissēs	vē̆rnāvisset	vē̆rnāvissēmus	vē̆rnāvissētis	vē̆rnāvissent
passive	present	vē̆rner	vē̆rnēris, vē̆rnēre	vē̆rnētur	vē̆rnēmur	vē̆rnēminī	vē̆rnentur
	imperfect	vē̆rnārer	vē̆rnārēris, vē̆rnārēre	vē̆rnārētur	vē̆rnārēmur	vē̆rnārēminī	vē̆rnārentur
	perfect	vē̆rnātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	vē̆rnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	vē̆rnā	—	—	vē̆rnāte	—
	future	—	vē̆rnātō	vē̆rnātō	—	vē̆rnātōte	vē̆rnantō
passive	present	—	vē̆rnāre	—	—	vē̆rnāminī	—
	future	—	vē̆rnātor	vē̆rnātor	—	—	vē̆rnantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		vē̆rnāre	vē̆rnāvisse	vē̆rnātūrum esse	vē̆rnārī	vē̆rnātum esse	vē̆rnātum īrī
participles		vē̆rnāns	—	vē̆rnātūrus	—	vē̆rnātus	vē̆rnandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		vē̆rnandī	vē̆rnandō	vē̆rnandum	vē̆rnandō	vē̆rnātum	vē̆rnātū

Derived terms

• vernātiō

 

Related terms

• vēr
• vē̆rnus
• vē̆rnālis

 

Descendants

• Italian: vernare

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

vē̆rnō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of vē̆rnus

References

• “verno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• verno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[12], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
    

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• vjȇrno (Ijekavian)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋêːrno/
• Hyphenation: ve‧rno

Adverb

vȇrno (Cyrillic spelling ве̑рно)

1. faithfully