ܐܢܫܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܐ ܢ ܫ (ˀ n š)
4 terms

From Aramaic אֱנָשָׁא (ʾĕnāšā), from Proto-Semitic *ʔināš-; compare Arabic أُنَاس (ʔunās) and إِنْس (ʔins), Hebrew אֱנוֹשׁ (enósh), Akkadian 𒈬 (nīšum, “life”) and 𒌦𒎌 (nišū, “people”).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [naːʃaː]

Noun

ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ • (nāšā) m (plural ܐ݇ܢܵܫܹ̈ܐ (nāšē))

1. person, one, someone

   ܗ̇ܘ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ. ― awa nāšā ṭāḇā ìlēh. ― He’s a good person.

2. mankind, humankind

   ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܠܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܕܹܐܒ݂ܵܐ ― nāšā lnāšā ìlēh dēḇā ― Man is a wolf to man. (cf. homō hominī lupus)

3. (with possessive suffixes) expresses kinsfolk or relations (especially parents or inhabitants)

   ܐ݇ܢܵܫܹ̈ܐ ܕܛܘܼܪܵܐ ― nāšē d-ṭūrā ― People of the mountain

   ܐ݇ܢܵܫܹ̈ܐ ܕܕܲܫܬܵܐ ― nāšē d-daštā ― People of the plain

   ܐ݇ܢܵܫܹ̈ܐ ܕܒܲܝܬܲܢ ― nāšē d-baytan ― People of our house.

   ܐ݇ܢܵܫܹ̈ܗ ܣܲܓܝܼ ܡܸܣ̈ܟܹܝܢܹܐ ܝܢܵܐ ― nāšēh sagī miskēnē ìnā ― His kin are very humble.

4. respectful term of address to an equal, especially when advising or rebuking, or when expressing distress or grief; man, brother, bro

   ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ، ܡܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܠܘܿܟ݂ ܓܲܘܹܗ؟ ― nāšā, mā īṯ lōḵ gawwēh? ― Brother, why do you care about what he does?

   ܚܘܿܪ ܡܵܐ ܒܪܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܒܚܲܝ̈ܝܼ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ― ḥōr mā brē lēh bḥayī nāšā ― Look what has happened to my life, man.

   ܡܵܐ ܡ̣ܢܘܿܟ݂ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ؟ ― What’s up man?

   ܕܝܼ ܒܲܣܵܐ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ― dī bassā nāšā ― Oh enough man!

Inflection

Inflection of ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ (nāšā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܝܼ (nāšī)		ܐ݇ܢܵܫܲܢ (nāšan)
	construct	ܐ݇ܢܵܫ (nāš)	2nd person	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܘܼܟ݂ (nāšūḵ)	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܟ݂ܝ (nāšāḵ)	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (nāšāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ (nāšā)	3rd person	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܹܗ (nāšēh)	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܗ̇ (nāšāh)	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܗܘܿܢ (nāšhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܝܼ̈ (nāšī)		ܐ݇ܢܵܫܲܢ̈ (nāšan)
	construct	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܲܝ̈ (nāšay)	2nd person	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (nāšūḵ)	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (nāšāḵ)	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (nāšāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܹ̈ܐ (nāšē)	3rd person	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܘܼ̈ܗܝ (nāšūh)	ܐ݇ܢܵܫ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (nāšōh)	ܐ݇ܢܵܫܗ̈ܘܿܢ (nāšhōn)

Derived terms

• ܐ݇ܢܵܫܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (nāšūṯā, “humanity”)
• ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (nāšāˀīṯ, “humanly”)
• ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܝܵܐ (nāšāyā, “human”)
• ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܢܵܐ (nāšānā, “crowded”)
• ܒܪܵܐ ܕܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ (brā d-nāšā, “Son of Man”)
• ܒܲܪܢܵܫܵܐ (barnāšā, “human being”)
• ܗܸܟ̰ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ (hič nāšā, “no one”)
• ܚܲܕ݇ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ (ḥa nāšā, “someone”)
• ܟܠ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ (kul nāšā, “everyone”)
• ܡܸܬ݂ܒܲܪܢܵܫܢܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (miṯbarnāšnūṯā, “incarnation”)

 

See also

• ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ (parṣōpā)
• ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ (qnōmā)

Classical Syriac

Alternative forms

• ܢܫܐ (nāšā)

Etymology

Compare Arabic أُنَاس (ʔunās) and إِنْس (ʔins) and Hebrew אֱנוֹשׁ (ʾĕnôš).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔɛ̆nɑʃɑʔ/, [ˈnɑ.ʃɑ] (singular and plural)

Noun

ܐܢܫܐ • ([ʾĕ]nāšā) c (plural ܐܢܫܐ)

1. human, man, mortal
2. mankind
3. (in the plural) people
4. (in the absolute state) one, someone, certain
5. (with possessive suffixes) expresses kinsfolk or relations (especially parents or inhabitants)

   ܐܢܫܝܗ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ

   [ʾĕ]nāšêh da-məḏī[n]ttā

   the people of the city

Inflection

    inflection of ܐܢܫܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܐܢܫ	ܐܢܫܝܢ
construct	ܐܢܫ	ܐܢܫܝ
emphatic	ܐܢܫܐ	ܐܢܫܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܐܢܫܝ	ܐܢܫܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܐܢܫܟ	ܐܢܫܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܐܢܫܟܝ	ܐܢܫܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܐܢܫܗ	ܐܢܫܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܐܢܫܗ	ܐܢܫܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܐܢܫܢ	ܐܢܫܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܐܢܫܟܘܢ	ܐܢܫܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܐܢܫܟܝܢ	ܐܢܫܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܐܢܫܗܘܢ	ܐܢܫܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܐܢܫܗܝܢ	ܐܢܫܝܗܝܢ

Derived terms

• ܐܢܫܐܝܬ ([ʾĕ]nāšāʾīṯ)
• ܐܢܫܘܬܐ ([ʾĕ]nāšūṯā)
• ܐܢܫܝܐ ([ʾĕ]nāšāyā)
• ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ (bar [ʾĕ]nāšā)
  • ܒܪܢܫ (barneš)
  • ܡܬܒܪܢܫܢܘܬܐ (meṯbarnəšānūṯā)
• ܒܪܬ ܐܢܫܐ (ba[r]ṯ [ʾĕ]nāšā)

See also

• ܓܒܪܐ (gaḇrā)

References

• “ˀnš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-06-22
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 13b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 22a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 65a-b