-च

Konkani

Etymology

From Maharastri Prakrit 𑀘𑀺𑀅 (cia), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva), from Sanskrit चैव (caiva), from च (ca) +‎ एव (evá). Cognate with Marathi -च (-ċ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡s/

Particle

-च • (-ca) (Latin script -ch, Kannada script -ಚ)

1. an emphatic particle

   होच म्हजो भाव

   hoċ mhaj̈ho bhāv

   This indeed is my brother.

   हांव केन्नाच मुंबई वचूंना

   hā̃v kennāċ mumbaī vaċū̃nā

   I haven't ever been to Mumbai

Usage notes

When modifying words that do not end in vowels, the particle changes to -ऊच (-ūċ):

हांवेनूच सग्ळे काम केले

hā̃venūċ sagḷe kām kele

I myself did all the work

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi -𑘓 (-ca), -𑘓𑘲 (-cī), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀘𑀺𑀅 (cia), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva), from Sanskrit चैव (caiva), from च (ca) +‎ एव (evá). Cognate with Konkani -च (-ċ). Comparable in function to Gujarati જ (ja), Hindi ही (hī).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡s/

Particle

-च़ • (-ċ)

1. an emphatic particle

   हेच माझं कुटुंब आहे.

   heċ māj̈ha kuṭumba āhe

   This indeed is my family.

Usage notes

-च (-ċ) is used to emphasise the word it modifies.

Descendants

• → Hindi: -ईच (-īc) (dialectal)

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine, “च”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “च”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “च”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).