-ari
Basque[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Basque [Term?], a borrowing from Latin -ārium.[1][2]
Alternative forms[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ari
- Used to create names of occupations from nouns.
- Used to form adverbs and nouns from nouns of time; every, each
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ari
- Used in names of meals.
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
From -a (definite article) + -(r)i (dative suffix).
Suffix[edit]
-ari
- Dative singular suffix.
Declension[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Mitxelena, Koldo L. (1961) Fonética histórica vasca [Basque Historical Phonetics] (Obras completas de Luis Michelena; 1) (in Spanish), Diputación Foral de Guipuzkoa, published 1990, →ISBN, page 135
- ^ “-ari” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er.
Suffix[edit]
-ari (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ària, masculine plural -aris, feminine plural -àries)
- forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “of or related to the suffixed nouns”
- revolució (“revolution”) + -ari → revolucionari (“revolutionary”)
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “-ari”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “-ari” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Faroese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”), from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin -ārius.
Suffix[edit]
-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)
Declension[edit]
| Declension of -ari | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m1 | singular | plural | ||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | -ari | -arin | -arar | -ararnir |
| accusative | -ara | -aran | -arar | -ararnar |
| dative | -ara | -aranum | -arum | -arunum |
| genitive | -ara | -arans | -ara | -aranna |
Derived terms[edit]
Finnish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”) (itself mostly from Latin -ārius) through its use in many loanwords. Partially from and reinforced by -ri.
Suffix[edit]
-ari (front vowel harmony variant -äri, linguistic notation -Ari)
- Used to create names of occupations from nouns or verbs.
- kartta (“map”) + -uri → kartturi (“navigator”)
- vaate (“garment”) + -uri → vaatturi (“tailor”)
- duunata (“to work”) + -ari → duunari (“worker”)
- puutarha (“garden”) + -uri → puutarhuri (“gardener”)
- urut (“organ”) + -uri → urkuri (“organist”)
- saha (“saw, sawmill”) + -uri → sahuri (“sawmill operator”)
- rokki (“rock music”) + -ari → rokkari (“rocker”)
- (colloquial) General denominal noun suffix.
- (colloquial) Denominal suffix used to clip nouns.
- ostoskeskus + -ari → ostari
- ryynimakkara + -ari → ryynäri
- poskisauhu + -ari → poskari
- (slang) Used to create terms meaning "supporter of something"
- kommunisti (“communist”) + -ari → kommari
- sosiaalidemokraatti (“social democrat”) + -ari → demari
Usage notes[edit]
- In slang clippings, the suffix may cause gemination of the preceding consonant if phonotactically possible.
Derived terms[edit]
Icelandic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”). This suffix is not Germanic, ultimately deriving from Latin -ārius through borrowings, and lives on in different guises in the Germanic languages, e.g., in the German -er, used for the same purpose.
Suffix[edit]
-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)
Derived terms[edit]
Italian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ari m or f
Etymology 2[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ari m
Etymology 3[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ari m
Anagrams[edit]
Latin[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈaː.riː/, [ˈäːriː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈa.ri/, [ˈäːri]
Etymology 1[edit]
Apparently from a dative singular in -ī, the semantic shift being "for Xing" > "to be Xed".
Suffix[edit]
-ārī
- present passive infinitive of -ō (first conjugation)
Etymology 2[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ārī
Old High German[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- -ari, -eri
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.
Suffix[edit]
-āri
- used to form agent nouns
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *warjaz.
Suffix[edit]
-āri
Descendants[edit]
- German: -er
Old Norse[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed as part of Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words. In both cases, it stems from Latin -ārius. The suffix -ari replaced the native suffix -i which was used for agent nouns before: skytari (“shooter, bowman”) instead of skyti (“shooter, bowman”), both derived from skjóta (“to shoot”).[1]
Suffix[edit]
-ari m
- a suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs
Usage notes[edit]
- -ari, while common in the descendant languages, is never found in the oldest poetry or Runic inscriptions and very rare in Old Norse. Native alternatives like -ir, -i and -andi are preferred.
Descendants[edit]
- Icelandic: -ari
- Faroese: -ari
- Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær
- Old Swedish: -are, -ari
- Swedish: -are
- Danish: -er
- Norwegian Bokmål: -er
- → Estonian: -r
- → Finnish: -ari, -uri
References[edit]
- ^ Olav Næs (1952) Norsk Grammatikk — Ordlære (in Old Norse), page 246
Old Saxon[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.
Suffix[edit]
-āri
- Forms masculine agent nouns from verbs: -er
- Forms masculine agent nouns from other nouns: -er
Declension[edit]
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -āri | -ārios |
| accusative | -āri | -ārios |
| genitive | -āries | -āriō |
| dative | -ārie | -ārium |
| instrumental | — | — |
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)
Old Swedish[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ari m
- Alternative form of -are
Declension[edit]
Romansch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ari
- -ary (nominal suffix)
- Basque terms inherited from Proto-Basque
- Basque terms derived from Proto-Basque
- Basque terms derived from Latin
- Basque lemmas
- Basque suffixes
- Basque inflectional suffixes
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan doublets
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan suffixes
- Catalan adjective-forming suffixes
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Middle Low German
- Faroese terms derived from Latin
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese masculine nouns
- Finnish terms borrowed from Old Norse
- Finnish terms derived from Old Norse
- Finnish terms derived from Latin
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish colloquialisms
- Finnish slang
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Latin
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic suffixes
- Icelandic masculine suffixes
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian suffix forms
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German suffixes
- Old Norse terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Old Norse terms derived from Middle Low German
- Old Norse terms derived from Latin
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse suffixes
- Old Norse masculine suffixes
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon suffixes
- Old Saxon ja-stem nouns
- Old Swedish lemmas
- Old Swedish suffixes
- Old Swedish masculine suffixes
- Old Swedish an-stem nouns
- Romansch terms inherited from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Latin
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch suffixes