Appendix:Sanskrit correlatives
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| type | interrogative | indefinite | collective | proximal demonstrative |
distal demonstrative |
relative | identity | other | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | किम् (kím, “who? what?”) | किम् चित् (kím cít, “someone, something”), किम् अपि (kím ápi), किम् चन (kím cána, “anyone, anything”), यद् किम् अपि (yád kím ápi, “someone or other, something or other”) |
सर्व (sárva, “all, every”) | इदम् (idám, “this”), एतद् (etád, “this here”) |
तद् (tád, “that”), अदस् (adás, “that there”) |
यद् (yád, “who, what, whoever, whatever”) | सम (samá, “same, the same”) | एकतर (ekatará, “the other”), अन्य (anyá, “other, different”), इतर (itará, “other, different”) | |
| dual | कतर (katará, “which of two?”) | अन्यतर (anyatará, “either”), एकतर (ekatará) |
उभौ (ubháu, “both”) | इतर (itará, “the other of two”) | ततर (tatará, “that one of two”) | यतर (yatará, “whichever of two”) | |||
| plural | कतम (katamá, “which of many?”) | अन्यतम (anyatamá, “any of many”), एकतम (ekatamá, “one of many”) |
सर्वे (sárve, “all of them”) | ततम (tatamá, “that one of many”) | यतम (yatamá, “whichever of many”) | ||||
| quality | कीदृक्ष (kīdṛkṣa, “what kind?”), कीदृश (kīdṛśa) |
ईदृक्ष (īdṛkṣa, “this kind”), एतादृक्ष (etādṛkṣa) |
यादृक्ष (yādrkṣa, “which kind; such as”) | अन्यादृक्ष (anyādṛkṣa, “another kind, like another”) | |||||
| quantity/size | कियत् (kíyat, “how much? how large?”) | तावत् (tāvat, “this much, so much; so large”) | यावत् (yāvat, “however much; however large”) | ||||||
| manner | कथम् (kathám, “how? in what manner?”) | सर्वथा (sárvathā, “in every way, manner, respect”) | एवम् (evam, “thus; so”) | यथा (yathā, “anyhow, somehow or other; as, like”) | इव (iva, “in the same way, manner; likewise”), इतिवत् (itivat) |
अन्यत्र (anyatra, “in another manner, otherwise”), इतरथा (itarathā, “in another manner, on the other hand”) | |||
| place/destination | क्व (kva, “where?”), कुत्र (kutra) |
क्व चित् (kvacít, “somewhere”), क्वापि (kvāpi, “somewhere, anywhere”), कुत्र चित् (kutracít), कुत्रापि (kutrāpi) |
सर्वके (sárvake, “everywhere”) | इह (iha, “here”), अत्र (atra) |
तत्र (tatra, “there”), इदम् (idam) |
यत्र (yatra, “wherever”) | एकत्र (ekatra, “in the one place, in the same place”) | अन्यत्र (anyatra, “elsewhere”), इतरत्र (itaratra) | |
| source/reason | कस्मात् (kasmāt, “from where? whence? why? wherefore?”), कुतस् (kutas) |
कुतस् चित् (kutascít, “from somewhere”) | सर्वशस् (sárvaśas, “from everywhere”), सर्वतस् (sárvatas) |
इतस् (itas, “from here; hence”), अतस् (atas, “hence, therefore, so”) |
ततस् (tatas, “from there; thence; therefore”) | यतस् (yatas, “from which, wherever; wherefore, because”) | समानतस् (samānátas, “from the same place; for the same reason”) | अन्यतस् (anyatas, “from elsewhere”) | |
| time | कदा (kadā, “when?”), कर्हि (karhi) |
कदा (kadā, “sometime, once”) | सर्वदा (sárvadā, “always”) | इदानीम् (idānīm, “now; at this time”), अद्य (adya) |
तदा (tadā, “then”) | यदा (yadā, “when”) | एकदा (ekadā, “at the same time, at once”) | अन्यदा (anyadā, “at another time”), अन्यर्हि (anyarhi) | |
| repetition | कतिधा (katidhā, “how many times?”), कतिकृत्वस् (katikṛtvas), कतिवारम् (kativāram) |
सर्ववारम् (sárvavāram, “always”) | तावत्कृत्वस् (tāvatkṛtvas, “this many times”) | यावध्धा (yāvaddhā, “as often, as many times”) | |||||
| Relative pronouns in independent clauses as a rule are accompanied by their correlative counterparts (ie. the distal demonstrative). | |||||||||