Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/muka-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/muka

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Uralic *muka (“back”). Alternatively from Proto-Germanic *mūgô, *mūgaz (“heap, mass”).

Adverb

*muka-

1. along
2. according to/with

Inflection

The bare stem is not attested in any language. The most common form is the illative singular, which is found in most descendants.

Descendants

• ⇒ Finnish: mukaan, mukana, muassa, mukaa, mukainen, mukava
• ⇒ Ingrian: mukkaa, mukaisa, mukava, mukoittaa, mukahua, mukertaa
• ⇒ Karelian: mukah, mukaine
• ⇒ Ludian: mugoińe
• ⇒ Veps: mugoine
• ⇒ Votic: mukka (possibly from Ingrian)
  • Kukkuzi: mukkaa

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “mukaan”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN