Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kirnijǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Germanic *kernǭ (“creme”)? Alternatively, the latter word is a backformation from this one. Possibly, they are related to *kernô (“core”), which is related to *kurną (“corn, grain”); yet this is disputed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈker.ni.jɔ̃ː/

Noun

*kirnijǭ f

1. a churn

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *kirnijǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kirnijǭ	*kirnijōniz
vocative	*kirnijǭ	*kirnijōniz
accusative	*kirnijōnų	*kirnijōnunz
genitive	*kirnijōniz	*kirnijōnǫ̂
dative	*kirnijōni	*kirnijōmaz
instrumental	*kirnijōnē	*kirnijōmiz

Derived terms

• *kirnijaną
• *kernǭ

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kirnijā
  • Old English: ċirin, ċyrin
    • Middle English: chyrne, cherine, cherne, cheyrne, chirne, kirne, kyrn, kyrne
      • English: churn, kern
      • Scots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn
  • Old Frisian: *tzerne
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: saaren

      Halligen: seern

      Karrharde: scharn

      Mooring: scharn

      Wiedingharde: scharn

    • East Frisian:

      Saterland Frisian: Säddene

      Wangerooge Frisian: sjënn

    • West Frisian: tsjerne

      Hindeloopen: serne

      Schiermonnikoog: tjen

  • Old Saxon:
    • Middle Low German: kerne, kirne, karne
      • Low German: Karne
      • → German: Karn, Kirne, Kerne
      • → Latvian: ķērne
  • Old Dutch:
    • Middle Dutch: kerne, keerne
      • Dutch: karn
        • Afrikaans: karring
  • → Walloon: serene
• Old Norse: kirna
  • Icelandic: kirna
  • Faroese: kirna
  • Norwegian: kinne
  • Old Swedish: kirna, kerna
    • Swedish: kärna
    • → Finnish: kirnu
  • Danish: kærne (kjærne, kjerne)