kjerne

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See also: kjerne-

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

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A traditional stick churn for churning butter from milk cream or sour cream.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse kjarni, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“core, kernel”), of *kurną (“corn, grain”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain”), possibly of *ǵr̥h₂-nós (“matured, grown old”), of both *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, mature”) and *-nóm (creates verbal adjectives from roots.).

Cognate with Danish kerne, Swedish kärna, German Kern, Dutch kern, Faroese kjarni and Icelandic kjarni.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

kjerne m (definite singular kjernen, indefinite plural kjerner, definite plural kjernene)

  1. (botany) a core (the central part of a fruit, containing the kernels or seeds)
    • 1928, Henrik Ibsen, Samlede verker V, page 414:
      hvem planter kjærner for at høste frugt, naar der er ungtræer nok
      who plants seeds to reap fruit when there are enough young trees
    • 2010, Gunn Helene Arsky, Spis deg ung:
      det finnes mange ulike vannmeloner – noen har kjerner i seg, andre er kjernefrie
      There are many different watermelons - some have seeds in them, others are seedless
    sette kjerne ― to plant; develop
  2. (figuratively) a center or core (innermost part of something)
    • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, page 224:
      det var en ustyrtelig mængde lag [i løken]! Kommer ikke kærnen snart for en dag?
      it was an unstoppable amount of layers [in the onion]! Isn't the core coming soon for a day?
    1. (cytology) a cell nucleus, nucleus (large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells which contains genetic material)
      1. (neuroatanomy) a nucleus (cluster of many neuronal bodies where synapsing occurs)
    2. (astronomy) a nucleus (innermost and brightest part of a comet)
    3. (chemistry, physics) an atomic nucleus (a nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud)
      • 1943, Carl Fredrik Holmboe, Michael Faraday, page 168:
        vannstoffet H [har] en kjerne med en positiv enhetsladning
        X
      Synonym: atomkjerne
    4. (botany) heartwood (the wood nearer the heart of a stem or branch)
      Synonyms: kjerneved, alved
    5. a core (the interior of a workpiece or tool, especially when it is of a different material than the rest)
      • 1930, Tidens Tegn, page 15:
        kabelen har ikke mindre enn 20 kjerner
        the cable has no less than 20 cores
      1. (engineering) a core (the portion of a mold that creates an internal cavity within a casting or that makes a hole in or through a casting)
    6. (gems) a mother-of-pearl (the hard pearly inner layer of certain mollusk shells)
      • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter I, page 403:
        see kun, hvor de lyse kjerner blinke fra hver perle frem
        see only where the bright mother-of-pearls flash from each bead forward
      Synonym: perlemor
    7. a core (the innermost non-luminous part of a flame)
    8. a hard soap or curd soap (a kind of soap, with a hard texture and common salt added to the liquid soap mass)
      Synonym: kjernesåpe
  3. (figuratively) a core or essence (the most important part of a thing)
    • 1933, Nationen, page 3:
      de har begge søkt å hugge verket op innenfra, helt fra kjernen av
      they have both sought to carve the work from within, from the very core
    • 1943, Stein Ståle, Åndemasken, page 44:
      danne en kjerne av et universelt brorskap, uten hensyn til rase, trosbekjennelse, kjønn, eller samfundsstilling
      form the core of a universal brotherhood, regardless of race, creed, gender, or social status
    • 1998, Kjetil Rolness, Elvis Presley, page 86:
      kjernen i den amerikanske likhetstanken: Intet menneske er bedre enn meg
      the core of the American idea of equality: No human being is better than me
    1. a core or spirit (the soul of a person or other creature)
      • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kejser og Galilæer, page 108:
        jeg aned det, som er livets kerne
        I guessed it, which is the core of life
      • 1914, Sigrid Undset, Vaaren, page 242:
        der er nu allikevel en kjerne av noget egte hos Mary
        there is now, however, a core of something real in Mary
    2. (chiefly in compounds) a person being the backbone of a group, community or society
      • 1908, Hans E. Kinck, Driftekaren, page 153:
        pollens staute kjerne
        pollen's proud core
      • 1877, Henrik Ibsen, Samfundets støtter, page 43:
        familjen er jo dog samfundets kerne
        after all, the family is the backbone of society
      • 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende, page 161:
        [den vranglære] at massen og mængden er folkets rette kerne
        [the heresy] that mass and quantity are the true core of the people
      • 1927, Johan Bojer, Samlede verker I, page 75:
        var det bare til hvert valg, at bonden var landets kjerne?
        was it just for every election that the farmer was the backbone of the country?
      • 2002, Cecilie Høigård, Gategallerier:
        den harde kjernen i graffitimiljøet
        the central core of the graffiti scene
      • 2003, Sverre Knudsen, De aller nærmeste:
        bare den harde kjerne på cirka ti mann var igjen
        only the central core of about ten men was left
      den harde kjerne(n) ― most central people (in an organization)
    3. (music) a musical core (the central, most prevalent sound)
      • 1931, Nationen, page 3:
        [stemmen er] ikke stor av volum, men med lys, fast, vakkert timbrert kjerne
        [the voice is] not large in volume, but with a light, firm, beautifully timbered core
    4. the actual content; a deeper meaning
    • 1885, Henrik Ibsen, Brand, page 104:
      al talens kærne [er] den: rejs bort!
      the core of all speech [is]: go away!
    • 1930, Henrik Ibsen, Samlede verker XV, page 294:
      om dets [stykkets] egentlige kjærne kunde der være mangt og meget at sige
      there could be much and much to say about its real core
    • 1999, Ketil Bjørnstad, Fall, page 73:
      fokusere på det vesentlige, sortere bort alt det overflødige, finne inn til sakens kjerne
      focus on the essentials, sort out all the superfluous, get to the heart of the matter
    sakens kjerne ― heart of the matter; quintessence
  4. (grammar) a head (a morpheme that determines the category of a compound or the word that determines the syntactic type of the phrase of which it is a member)
  5. (phonetics, phonology) a nucleus (the central part of a syllable, most commonly a vowel)
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Traditional butter churning at Gammlia open air museum in Umeå, Sweden.

Noun[edit]

kjerne f or m (definite singular kjerna or kjernen, indefinite plural kjerner, definite plural kjernene)

  1. a churn (a vessel used for churning, especially for producing butter)
    • 1879, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Norske Folke- og Huldre-Eventyr, page 50:
      [han] fandt saa meget fløde, at han fik kjærnen fuld
      [he] found so much cream that he got the churn full
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From the noun kjerne (“core, nucleus”), from Old Norse kjarni, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“core, kernel”), of *kurną (“corn, grain”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain”), possibly of *ǵr̥h₂-nós (“matured, grown old”), of both *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, mature”) and *-nóm (creates verbal adjectives from roots.).

Cognate with Danish kærne (“to churn”).

Verb[edit]

kjerne (passive kjernes, imperative kjern, present tense kjerner, simple past and past participle kjerna or kjernet, present participle kjernende, verbal noun kjerning)

  1. (transitive) to churn (to agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion, specifically to create butter)
    kjerne smør ― to churn butter
    • 1917, Knut Hamsun, Markens Grøde II, page 197:
      ysting og kjærning
      cheese making and churning
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse kjarni, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“core, kernel”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

kjerne m (definite singular kjernen, indefinite plural kjernar, definite plural kjernane)

  1. core, nucleus; essence
    Kjernen i saka er denne.
    The core of the matter is this.

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

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