Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěpiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From pre-Slavic *(s)koyp- (“to chop, to split”) +‎ *-éyeti. Akin to Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną (“to shift”).

Verb

*cěpìti impf (perfective *cěpnǫti)

1. to hang, to hook
2. to cleave

Inflection

Conjugation of *cěpiti, *cěpi, *cěpitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*cěpľenьje	*cěpiti	*cěpitъ	*cěpilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*cěpľenъ	*cěpimъ
Active	*cěpľь	*cěpę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*cěpixъ	*cěpi	*cěpi	*cěpľǫ	*cěpiši	*cěpitь
Dual	*cěpixově	*cěpista	*cěpiste	*cěpivě	*cěpita	*cěpite
Plural	*cěpixomъ	*cěpiste	*cěpišę	*cěpimъ	*cěpite	*cěpętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*cěpľaaxъ	*cěpľaaše	*cěpľaaše	—	*cěpi	*cěpi
Dual	*cěpľaaxově	*cěpľaašeta	*cěpľaašete	*cěpivě	*cěpita	—
Plural	*cěpľaaxomъ	*cěpľaašete	*cěpľaaxǫ	*cěpimъ	*cěpite	—

Notes:
• (*)*cěpivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *cěpnǫti (“to cleave”)
  • *cěpnatina (“cleft”)
• *cěpati (“to split, to rive”)
  • *cěpanica (“large chisel”)
• *ščьpiti (“to pinch”)
• *cěpъ (“slit”)
• *cěpъka (“crack, cleavage”)
• *cěpьcь (“splitter (agent)”)
• *cěpidlo (“splitter (tool)”)
• *cěpenъ (“split, cracked”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: -цепи́ть (-cepítʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: це́пя (cépja)
  • Macedonian: цепи (cepi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: це́пити, ције́пити

    Latin script: cépiti, cijépiti

  • Slovene: cepīti (tonal orthography)